1. Housing the Horseless Carriage: America's Early Private Garages Leslie G. Goat

2. What does the article do? Use popular literature to develop a typology of the garage before the Great Depression. Why the garage? –Survival Why literature study? –Little specific fieldwork has been done. –Establish basic types –Establish chronologies –Balance the published literature against the fieldwork documentation.

3. “In a market economy, a new discovery followed by a period of invention in which new forms compete until one or a few become dominant.”

4. Who have cars-early Mechanics Wealthy individuals –Leisure time –Afford a chauffeur

6. Typologies Focused typologies –Placement –Function –Vehicle capacity Purpose of typologies –Structure observations –Provide nomenclature –Raise questions

7. Issues of housing automobile Dangerous combination of flammable materials and sparking electrical systems. Exhaust (smell) Constant need to repair or service Cars were open so needed enclosed space Driveway and turn around spaces. Doors to enclose the garage. Public garages vs private garages Housing the chauffeur Placement in relationship to the dwelling

8. All popular enthusiasm can be redesigned for greater portability.

9. Solutions to the problems of automobile storage sought in pre- existing buildings, or ideas Carriage houses and stables provided spaces to be retrofit for automobile use. Doors for garages initially are technology from carriage houses. –Initially precise, later stylistic transfer Concrete and metal manufacturers sought to provide plans using their products.

14. Popular literature explores automobile from perspective of audience Popular mechanics has articles with plans for garage construction. Specific automobile literature Magazines of gentility have articles to solve “problems” of automobile ownership. Literature of social discourse report on the phenomenon of the automobile

15. How-to literature is later into subject because it assumes pre-existing interest. Popular Science Monthly Popular Mechanics Excepting Scientific American whose audience was the inventors and mechanics.

16. Automobile literature Fan magazine Horseless Age Outing Building Industry Sears and Roebuck catalogs American Architect Architectural Record American Architect and Building News Real Estate Record and Guide Portland Cement Company Building Age

17. Literature of Gentility Country Life in America American Homes and Gardens House Beautiful New Country Life House and Garden Ladies Home Journal Touchstone

18. Literature of social discourse Atlantic Monthly Current Literature American Monthly Review of Reviews World’s Work Scientific American Putnam’s Monthly and The Reader