1. Develop A Foundational Knowledge Of Pricing To Understand Its Role In Marketing 3.04

2. Characteristics Of Effective Pricing Attracts Attention “Value” For The Money Includes:  Cost To Produce  What Competitors Are Charging  What Customers Are Willing To Pay

3. What Is Being Priced When Prices Are Set For Products. Product itself= Good / Service Services & Warranties Benefit To The Customer EX: The Price Of A Diamond Ring

4. Factors That Affect A Product's Price Perfect Competition-many buyers / sellers all dealing in an identical product. Neither producer nor user has any market power and both must accept the market price. EX: Coke vs Pepsi Monopoly-One seller who dominates many buyers. The monopolists can use his market power to set A profit-maximizing price. EX: Duke Energy

5. Factors That Affect A Product's Price Monopolistic Competition- A large number of suppliers offer similar, but not identical products. The similarities ensure elastic demand whereas the slight differences give some monopolistic power to the supplier. EX: Nike vs Adidas Oligopoly- Where are relatively few competitive companies dominate the market whilst each large firm has the ability to influence market prices the unpredictable reaction from the other giants makes the final industry price in determinate.market prices Ex: Cable Companies

6. How Pricing Affects Product Decisions. Whether and how much customers will buy - it is an important part of the decision to make or sell specific products.  Help companies makes decisions about product lines  Expand  Close  What Price Can Be Charged.

7. How Pricing Affects Place (Distribution) Decisions. Long distances shipping can significantly increase the price of an item Knowing what customers are willing to pay Competitors are charging Cost of Merchandise Sold (CoMS) Basic shipping

8. How Pricing Affects Promotion Decisions. Company Must Consider: – Is The Company Trying To Break Into An Existing Market? – Is It Trying To Expand Into New Markets? – What Is The Competition Doing?

9. Pricing Objectives. Pricing Objectives- Are the goals A company hopes to achieve through it pricing decisions. 2 Types  Price Fixing- Is collaborating with other companies (competitors) to set prices for A company’s products, price fixing is illegal.  Predatory Pricing- Is the practice of selling A product or service at A very low price, intending to drive competitors out of the market

10. Ethical Considerations The importance of accessibility to the company’s product(s). EX: price for needed medicines (like insulin) How much profit does the company need to stay in business to provide jobs for its employees?

11. Ethical Concerns Associated With Complex Prices Ethically, making pricing so complex that customers don’t understand how it works means that the company might be taking financial advantage of customers. – This ultimately results in customers looking for different suppliers – Think about the complexity of taking an airline flight vs. Renting A car

12. How Pricing Tactics Can Relate To Social Responsibility. Often products improve the standard of living. Pricing must consider: Common good Welfare of the company

13. Identify Ways That The Use Of Technology Impacts The Pricing Function. Information can be easily and accurately: Collected Collated Analyzed Computer cash register system reduce the number of input pricing errors at the cash register.

14. Benefits Of Automating The Pricing Process. Price Changes can be made through a computer program (Not manually) Signs That Inform The Customer Of The Price or information can by changed automatically in some cases.

15. Risks Associated With Automating The Pricing Process. Programming errors may be hard to catch, especially if the price is off by only a few cents or dollars. Cashiers don’t have to learn the prices and therefore can’t check that they are charging the correct prices on the register.

16. Selling Price: The Price At Which A Product Is Sold To The Customer Setting prices are not always about profit (Click)

17. How Automating Pricing Facilitates Targeted Pricing. Targeted pricing allows a company to charge different prices to new customers in order to entice them to buy their brand. Target Price - Desired Profit = CoMS Automated pricing preset that when met awards the targeted price. EX: sales accounts for different companies

18. Pricing Factors: Bait-and-switch Advertising Deceptive Pricing Dumping Loss-leader Pricing Predatory Pricing Price Discrimination Price Fixing

19. Bait-and-switch Advertising. 1. Customers are "baited" by advertising for A product or service at A low priceadvertising 2. Customers discover that the advertised good is not available or the sales person disparages the advertised item and customers are "switched" to A costlier product.

20. False Advertising Or Deceptive Advertising The use of false or misleading statements in advertising. advertising Examples:  Savings Claims  Price Comparisons  "Special" Sales  "Two-for-one" Sales  "Factory" Prices,  "Wholesale" Prices.

21. Dumping Any kind of predatory pricing, especially in the context of international trade.predatory pricinginternational trade

22. Loss-leader Pricing A product sold at a low price (at cost or below cost) to stimulate other profitable sales. Sales promotion Pricing strategy

23. Price Discrimination/Differentiation When sales of identical goods or services are transacted at different prices from the same provider.prices

24. Laws Affecting Pricing American consumers have the right to expect the benefits of free and open competition — the best goods and services at the lowest prices. Public and private organizations often rely on a competitive bidding process to achieve that end. The competitive process only works, however, when competitors set prices honestly and independently. When competitors collude, prices are inflated and the customer is cheated. Price fixing, bid rigging, and other forms of collusion are illegal and are subject to criminal prosecution by the antitrust division of the united states department of justice.

25. Positive Effects Of Pricing Laws. Customers know that they aren’t being taken advantage of Pricing is consistent

26. Negative Effects Of Pricing Laws. Prices become less like to be modified (even down) because the law might see the change in A negative manner.

27. Impact Of Anti-dumping Laws On Consumers ANTI-DUMPING LAWS Early 20th century. Aimed at preventing unfair trade practices Mostly to punish foreign producers for offering their products to domestic consumers at low prices. Protect inefficient domestic producers from foreign competition at the expense of the general public.

28. Price Vs. Selling Price – Price : initial amount that the company would like to charge for an item – Selling price : actual price for which it is sold to the customer

29. Importance Of Selling Price. – Must Bring Enough Profit To The Seller So The Company Can Stay In Business

30. Factors Affecting Selling Price. – Competitors’ prices – What customers are currently willing to pay – What the item costs to make, ship and sell

31. How Consumers Can Affect Selling Price. – It is all about what they are willing to pay

32. How Government Affects Selling Price. – Regulations, laws, and oversight can affect what companies will charge. – Tariffs and additional taxes (think gasoline) can significantly change prices The price of gas in NC vs. SC

33. How Competition Can Affect Selling Price – If competition raises its prices, our company might be able to make more by raising our prices – The opposite is true for lowering prices.

34. How The Nature Of A Business Can Affect Selling Price. – How much competition does your business have in the area or online? – Are you selling big ticket or in expensive items? – Are your products seasonal? – Are you the industry leader or a follower?

35. Identify Pricing Objectives. Increase Market Share Enter A New Market “Cash Cow” Phase

36. How Pricing Objectives Affect Selling Price. Is the company trying to break into an existing market? Lower prices usually help. Is it trying to expand into new markets? Target pricing for new customers. Trying to build market share? Match competitors or lower prices below theirs.

37. Direct Competition Involves two or more companies that utilize the same type of business format. Example Coke and Pepsi Click

38. Indirect Competition Between two or more retailers that employ different types of business formats to sell the same type of goods. Example: Playing Putt- Putt versus an 18 hole golf course.

39. Price Competition Focuses on the selling price of a product. Preferring to buy the products that are the lowest in price. Purchasing clubs at Wal-Mart versus a golf specialty store. Click

40. Non-price competition Based on factors not related to price. Includes: quality of products, customer services, business location and qualifications of salespeople.

41. Elasticity The degree to which demand is affected by its price.

42. Elastic Demand Refers to how changes in the price of a product affect demand for that product. Ex: When the price is reduced on a CD, the demand for the CD may increase.

43. Inelastic Demand Changes in the price of a product have little affect on the demand for that product. Ex: People will pay any price for Super Bowl tickets.