1. People and the Planet- topic 3: 3.1 What are the ingredients of good living spaces? 3.1b) People in different parts of the world are attracted to live in different kinds of living space

2. What is happening in LIC (Lower Income countries)? In LICs rural areas tend to be worse than their equivalent in HICs Life is very hard as there are few jobs, the jobs there are mainly in farming which is difficult. Many men leave the rural villages to find jobs in urban areas where there tend to be more jobs This is known as RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION Women get left behind in the villages working the land in poor conditions. Lets look at the situation in South Africa, identify the push and pull factors here- http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/why-young- people-move-to-cities-in-south-africa/1482.html

3. RURAL Push factors Need to collect water from well No sanitation Rely on farming to make living but crop failure and drought impact on ability to make money Farm work is hard and they work long hours for little pay Few jobs outside of farming BUT Its not all bad there is strong sense of community and people can rely on elders of the village to look after children URBAN Pull factors Higher opportunity of employment Better services such as piped water Sanitation Better access to healthcare and closer to education services Cushioned from effects of drought and crop failure BUT Journey home takes several days so family far away

4. Video Questions on China rural to urban migration Watch the video clip and identify some of the stresses and strains for the people of rural China http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/cao-fei-and-tong-yan- urbanisation-in-china/8006.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/cao-fei-and-tong-yan- urbanisation-in-china/8006.html How many migrant workers are estimated to be in China? Where do they move from? To? Why do they move? What do they often find when they get there? What do the majority end up doing? Cao Fei and Tong Yan both 17 What do they want and not want to do in future? What do they think is bad about the jobs their parents do? What ould have happened to Fei and Yan if they didn’t have the school? What does Yan wish? How will she get her wish?

5. What are the impacts of this rural to urban migration? There are not enough houses for all the migrants to live in, this leads to migrants building own make shift homes out of any materials they can find they tend to cluster together in areas uninhabited by urban dwellers as they are unsafe. These clusters of self built housing are known as SLUMS/ SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS. AKA SHANTY TOWNS in Africa, BUSTEES in India AND FAVELAS in Latin America. Services become stretched health, transport pushed to limit There is increased congestion on roads leading to higher levels of air and noise pollution

6. The Slums They are informal homes (not legal or provided for living by government) Lets see a slum http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8llgvgHxHE Welcome to Lagos Episode 1 part 1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8llgvgHxHE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AeaQxREumc&featu re=related part 2 episode 1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AeaQxREumc&featu re=related

7. Welcome to Lagos Questions Lagos is a MEGACITY What does that mean? 60 years ago less than people lived in Lagos. Now its estimated that around live there. Describe Olusosun rubbish dump, what do you think it would be like to live and work there? Describe Eric’s life? His weekday home, How he takes care of himself, etc How has Joseph used his work to help his family?

8. Practice Exam Questions 1)Explain the positives and negatives of rural- urban migration in LIC and MIC countries (4 marks) 2)Assess the stresses and strains that arise from changing your living space (4 marks) 3) Describe the changes in the rural and urban populations of China between 1970and 2030 (2 marks)

9. Homework Research life in a slum Describe the housing people live in, the jobs they do, what the environment is like, the problems Slum dwellers face. You can try researching the following cities Lagos, Nigeria http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/2010/apr/16/welcome-to-lagos-sam- wollastonbhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/2010/apr/16/welcome-to-lagos-sam- wollastonb http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/lagos-inside-the-ultimate- megacity-1945246.htmlhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/lagos-inside-the-ultimate- megacity-1945246.html http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/lagos-inside-the-ultimate- megacity-1945246.html?action=Popup&ino=2http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/lagos-inside-the-ultimate- megacity-1945246.html?action=Popup&ino=2 Watch Welcome to Lagos in parts on you tube Mumbai, India http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/08/south_asia_life_in_ dharavi/html/1.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/08/south_asia_life_in_ dharavi/html/1.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/world/06/dharavi_slum/html/dharavi_sl um_intro.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/world/06/dharavi_slum/html/dharavi_sl um_intro.stm http://www.wsws.org/articles/2009/jun2009/mumb-j13.shtml Watch Slumdog Millionaire http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILycPHwieYk&feature=related watch this cliphttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILycPHwieYk&feature=related Cape Town, South Africa Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

10. What about urban areas in HICs? The city with many millions of inhabitants is a recent phenomenon, it wasn’t until the mid noughties that humans became a predominantly URBAN species (Since 2005 more people on Earth have lived in URBAN as opposed to RURAL areas) London was the first city to have a population of several million in the 2 nd half of 19 th century By 2005 50 cities had a population over 5 million Including 20 cities that had over 10 million inhabitants making them MEGACITIES

11. The world’s current MEGACITIES 1. Tokyo, Japan - 28,025,000 2. Mexico City, Mexico - 18,131,000 3. Mumbai, India - 18,042,000 4. Sáo Paulo, Brazil - 17, 711,000 5. New York City, USA - 16,626,000 6. Shanghai, China - 14,173,000 7. Lagos, Nigeria - 13,488,000 8. Los Angeles, USA - 13,129,000 9. Calcutta, India - 12,900,000 10. Buenos Aires, Argentina - 12,431,000 11. Seóul, South Korea - 12,215,000 12. Beijing, China - 12,033,000 13. Karachi, Pakistan - 11,774,000 14. Delhi, India - 11,680,000 15. Dhaka, Bangladesh - 10,979,000 16. Manila, Philippines - 10,818,000 17. Cairo, Egypt - 10,772,000 18. Õsaka, Japan - 10,609,000 19. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - 10,556,000 20. Tianjin, China - 10,239,000

13. The even newer phenomenon The never-ending city Cities are pushing beyond their limits and are merging into new massive conurbations known as mega-regions, which are linked both physically and economically. Their expansion drives economic growth but also leads to urban sprawl, rising inequalities and urban unrest. The biggest mega-regions, which are at the forefront of the rapid urbanisation sweeping the world, are: Hong Kong-Shenhzen-Guangzhou, China, home to about 120 million people; Nagoya-Osaka-Kyoto-Kobe, Japan, expected to grow to 60 million people by 2015; Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo region with 43 million people in Brazil. The same trend on an even larger scale is seen in fast-growing "urban corridors": West Africa: 600km of urbanisation linking Nigeria, Benin, Togo and Ghana, and driving the entire region's economy; India: From Mumbai to Dehli; East Asia: Four connected megalopolises and 77 separate cities of over 200,000 people each occur from Beijing to Tokyo via Pyongyang and Seoul.

14. What’s it like living in the worlds largest city Capsule hotels- built in Tokyo 20 years ago for businessmen needing bed for night if missed train home, now being used as homes for unemployed Tokyo dwellers since Christmas 2009- a result of the economic downturn

15. Japans micro homes Japanese homes especially in the largest city Tokyo are tiny. They need to be as the city is home to 12.5 million people and 10% of the entire countries population. Their tiny size is due to a severe lack of space and the phenomenally high cost of land, these combine to make very small high cost homes. See picture on page 12 of textbook Task- Describe what life would be like if you were the one in the picture on page 182