1. QUALITY GURUS

2. Introduction The total quality movement, and indeed the modern consumer, owes a debt of gratitude to the pioneers and innovators of quality management. Their contributions have improved not only businesses, but all organizations including governments and government institutions, military organizations, educational institutions, healthcare organizations, and many other establishments.

3. Introduction This presentation will train a spotlight on the contributions of five giants, or “guru’s” if you will, of quality management, namely:  Dr W. Edward Deming  Dr Joseph Juran  Philip Crosby  Kaoru Ishikawa  Shigeo Shingo

4. Dr. W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993)

5. Biography Born in Sioux City, Iowa on 14 October 1900 to William Albert Deming and Pluma Irene Edwards. He attended the University of Wyoming, University of Colorado, and Yale University, where he earned his Ph.D. in mathematical physics. He then taught physics at several universities, worked as a mathematical physicist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture and was a statistical adviser for the U.S. Census Bureau.

6. In the 1930s, he became interested in the application of statistical analysis in achieving better quality control in industry. Between1946 and1993, Deming was a professor of statistics at New York University's graduate school of business administration, and he taught at Columbia University. He was also was an international teacher and consultant in the area of quality improvement based on statistics, leadership, and customer satisfaction.

7. Dr. W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993) In 1950 Deming began teaching and consulting with Japanese industrialists through the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE). He received the Second Order Medal of the Sacred Treasure from the Emperor of Japan in 1960 for improvement of quality and the Japanese economy. In 1987 he received the National Medal of Technology from U. S. President Ronald Reagan because of his impact on quality in the United States.

8. American companies ignored Deming's teachings for years. It was only after the airing of an NBC program "If Japan Can, Why Can't We?," highlighting Deming's contributions in Japan that American companies began to appreciate Deming. His ideas were subsequently employed by major U.S. corporations as they bid to compete more effectively against foreign manufacturers. The Deming Prize for quality was established in 1951 in Japan by JUSE and in 1980 in the United States by the Metropolitan Section of the American Society for Quality. Deming continued to conduct Quality Management seminars until just days before his death in 1993.

9. Dr. W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993) Contribution to the total Quality movement Dr. W. Edward Deming’s approach reminded managers that most problems are systemic and that it is management's responsibility to improve the systems so that all workers, regardless of their order on the food chain, can perform more effectively. Deming argued that higher quality leads to higher productivity, which contributes significantly to the firm’s long-term competitive strength. The theory goes that improvements in quality lead to lower costs and higher productivity because they result in less rework, fewer mistakes, fewer delays, and better use of time and materials, thus leading to a long term competitive advantage. Deming's quality methods focused on systematically tallying product defects, analyzing their causes, correcting the causes, and recording the effects of the corrections on subsequent product quality as defects were prevented. He taught that it is less costly in the long-run to get things done right the first time than it is to fix them later.

10. Dr. W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993) Major publications: Statistical Adjustment of Data (1943) Out of the Crisis (1986) The New Economics (1993) Major Theoretical contributions: The Deming cycle (plan-do-check-act) Deming’s 14 points Deming’s 7 deadly sins Deming’s System of Profound Knowledge

11. Dr. Joseph Juran (1904-present)

12. Biography Born on December 24, 1904 in Braila, Romania. He moved to the United States in 1912 at the age of 8. Juran's career has spanned more than seventy years. He joined the inspection branch of the Hawthorne Co. of Western Electric (a Bell manufacturing company) in 1924, after completing his B.S. in Electrical Engineering. He became a quality manager in1934. He worked with the U. S. government during World War II after which he became a quality consultant. In 1952, Dr. Edward Deming invited him to Japan where Juran formed the relationships that would lead to his many years of work with Japanese companies. Juran founded the Juran Center for Quality Improvement at the University of Minnesota and the Juran Institute.

13. Dr. Joseph Juran (1904-present) Contributions to the quality movement Juran's concepts can be applied in establishing a traditional quality system as well as supporting Strategic Quality Management. Juran's philosophy includes but is not limited to the Quality Trilogy and the Quality Planning Roadmap.

14. Dr. Joseph Juran (1904-present) Major publications Juran's Quality Control Handbook (1951) Juran on Planning for Quality (1988) Juran on Leadership for Quality (1989) Juran on Quality by Design (1992) Quality Planning and Analysis (1993) A History of Managing for Quality (1995) Architect of Quality (2004) Major theoretical contributions Juran’s Quality Trilogy Juran’s Quality Planning Road Map

15. Philip Crosby (1926-2001)

16. Biography Born in Wheeling, West Virginia, in 1926. He joined the Navy after graduating from high school and became a hospital corpsman. In 1946 Crosby joined the Ohio College of Podiatric Medicine in Cleveland. He returned to Wheeling upon graduating and practiced podiatry with his father. He was recalled to military service during the Korean conflict, this time he serving as a Marine Medical Corpsman. In 1952 Crosby went to work for the Crosley Corp. in Richmond, Indiana, as a junior electronic test technician. He joined the American Society for Quality, where his early concepts concerning Quality began to form. In 1955, he went to work for Bendix Corp. as a reliability technician and quality engineer. He investigated defects found by the test people and inspectors. In 1957 he became a senior quality engineer with Martin Marietta Co. in Orlando, Florida. It is during his eight years there that Crosby developed his "Zero Defects" concepts, began writing articles for various journals, and started his speaking career. In 1965 he was hired by International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT) as vice president in charge of corporate quality. Crosby worked with many of the world's largest industrial and service companies, implementing his pragmatic management philosophy, and found that it worked in his 14 years there. He also founded the Crosby Quality College in Winter Park, Florida.

17. Philip Crosby (1926-2001) Major publications Quality is Free (1979) Quality Without Tears (1984) Completeness (1994) Major theoretical contributions Absolutes of Quality Management Zero Defects Quality Management Maturity Grid 14 Quality Improvement Steps Cost of Quality Cost of Nonconformance

18. Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa (1915–1989)

19. Biography Kaoru Ishikawa was a professor of engineering at the University of Tokyo and a student of Dr. W. Edwards Deming. He was an active proponent of the quality movement in Japan as well as being a member of the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers. His accomplishments in the field were widely acknowledged. He was awarded the Deming Prize and the Nihon Keizai Press Prize, as well as the Industrial Standardization Prize for his writings on quality control, and the Grant Award from the American Society for Quality Control for his educational program on quality control. Ishikawa was a firm believer that in order to be successful and sustainable over the long term, quality improvement initiatives must be organization-wide.

20. Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa (1915–1989) Major publications Guide to Quality Control (1982) What Is Total Quality Control? Major theoretical contributions The cause and effect diagram. The use of Quality Circles in order to: (1) Support improvement; (2) Respect human relations in the workplace; (3) Increase job satisfaction; and (4) More fully recognize employee capabilities and utilize their ideas.

21. Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa (1915–1989)

22. SHIGEO SHINGO (1919–1990)

23. Biography Shigeo Shingo was arguably one of the world's leading experts on improving the manufacturing process. Shigeo Shingo together with Taiichi Ohno created many of the features of just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing methods, systems, and processes, which constitute the Toyota Production System. Rather than focusing on theory, Shingo focused on practical concepts that made an immediate difference. Shingo's greatness seems to be based on his ability to understand exactly why products are manufactured the way they are, and then transform that understanding into a workable system for low-cost, high quality production. Shigeo Shingo’s contributions are such that a number of prizes are named after him. The Shingo Prize is the premier manufacturing award in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Utah State University, in partnership with the National Association of Manufacturers, administers the Shingo Prize for Excellence in Manufacturing, which promotes world class manufacturing and recognizes companies that excel in productivity and process improvement, quality enhancement, and customer satisfaction.

24. SHIGEO SHINGO (1919–1990) Major publications A Study of the Toyota Production System From An Industrial Engineering Viewpoint (1989) Revolution in Manufacturing: The SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) System (1985) Zero Quality Control: Source Inspection and the Poka Yoke System (1986) Major theorectical contributions Poka Yoke requires stopping processes as soon as a defect occurs, identifying the source of the defect, and preventing it from happening again (mistake proofing). This refers to making it impossible for mistakes to occur by preventing errors at the source. SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die): a system for quick changeovers between products. The intent is to simplify materials, machinery, processes and skills in order to dramatically reduce changeover times from hours to minutes, resulting in products being produced in small batches or even single units with minimal disruption. Just-in-Time (JIT) Production is about supplying customers with what they want when they want it. Orders are "pulled" through the system when triggered by customer orders, not pushed through the system in order to achieve economies of scale with the production of larger batches.