1. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanism for Onset of Sudden-Rising Head Effect in Centrifugal Pump When Handling Viscous Oils J. Fluids Eng. 2014;136(7):074501-074501-10. doi:10.1115/1.4026882 Fluid domain of centrifugal pump and definition of relative position between blade and volute tongue (a) fluid domain and (b) definition of relative position Figure Legend:

2. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanism for Onset of Sudden-Rising Head Effect in Centrifugal Pump When Handling Viscous Oils J. Fluids Eng. 2014;136(7):074501-074501-10. doi:10.1115/1.4026882 Centrifugal pump performance curves at various angles of θ between blade 1 and tongue, (a) impeller theoretical head, (b) impeller hydraulic efficiency, (c) pump head, and (d) pump hydraulic efficiency, line, mean value of hydraulic parameter, symbols, and computed parameter Figure Legend:

3. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanism for Onset of Sudden-Rising Head Effect in Centrifugal Pump When Handling Viscous Oils J. Fluids Eng. 2014;136(7):074501-074501-10. doi:10.1115/1.4026882 Pump head and efficiency curves at various viscosities, (a) head and (b) efficiency, line, CFD results, symbols, and experimental data in [11] Figure Legend:

4. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanism for Onset of Sudden-Rising Head Effect in Centrifugal Pump When Handling Viscous Oils J. Fluids Eng. 2014;136(7):074501-074501-10. doi:10.1115/1.4026882 Pump hydraulic efficiency and hydraulic loss coefficients of impeller and volute against flow rate at various viscosities, (a) hydraulic efficiency, (b) loss coefficient of impeller, and (c) loss coefficient of volute Figure Legend:

5. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanism for Onset of Sudden-Rising Head Effect in Centrifugal Pump When Handling Viscous Oils J. Fluids Eng. 2014;136(7):074501-074501-10. doi:10.1115/1.4026882 Pump head curves for two surface roughness at various viscosities, (a) Ra = 0 μm and (b) 100 μm Figure Legend:

6. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanism for Onset of Sudden-Rising Head Effect in Centrifugal Pump When Handling Viscous Oils J. Fluids Eng. 2014;136(7):074501-074501-10. doi:10.1115/1.4026882 Pump head curves at various viscosities for two turbulence models, (a) tetrahedral mesh with core hexahedral cells in blade mid- span plane, (b) head-flow rate curve for standard k- ɛ model, (c) head-flow rate curves for standard k-ω SST model, and (d) head- Reynolds number curves for standard k- ɛ model, symbols, and experimental data in [11] Figure Legend:

7. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanism for Onset of Sudden-Rising Head Effect in Centrifugal Pump When Handling Viscous Oils J. Fluids Eng. 2014;136(7):074501-074501-10. doi:10.1115/1.4026882 Averaged skin friction factors versus flow rate at various viscosities, (a) in impeller and (b) in volute Figure Legend:

8. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanism for Onset of Sudden-Rising Head Effect in Centrifugal Pump When Handling Viscous Oils J. Fluids Eng. 2014;136(7):074501-074501-10. doi:10.1115/1.4026882 Pump head and hydraulic efficiency against roughness at Q = 6.0 L/s and various viscosities, (a) head and (b) hydraulic efficiency Figure Legend:

9. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanism for Onset of Sudden-Rising Head Effect in Centrifugal Pump When Handling Viscous Oils J. Fluids Eng. 2014;136(7):074501-074501-10. doi:10.1115/1.4026882 Predicted hydraulic, volumetric, and mechanical efficiencies, as well as velocity profile in the side chambers at the BEP based on the experimental head-flow rate curve in [11], (a) various efficiencies predicted and (b) kf profile along the radius, ○, experimental pump efficiency, Δ, pump hydraulic efficiency predicted by CFD, lines, and variables predicted by the flow model in two side chambers Figure Legend:

10. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanism for Onset of Sudden-Rising Head Effect in Centrifugal Pump When Handling Viscous Oils J. Fluids Eng. 2014;136(7):074501-074501-10. doi:10.1115/1.4026882 Comparison of head based on impeller torque in CFD, Euler head without slip factor correction, Euler head with slip factor correction, and pump head given by CFD at various impeller Reynolds number at BEP Figure Legend:

11. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanism for Onset of Sudden-Rising Head Effect in Centrifugal Pump When Handling Viscous Oils J. Fluids Eng. 2014;136(7):074501-074501-10. doi:10.1115/1.4026882 Comparison of head curves between CFD and experiment at 1 and 48 cSt Figure Legend:

12. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanism for Onset of Sudden-Rising Head Effect in Centrifugal Pump When Handling Viscous Oils J. Fluids Eng. 2014;136(7):074501-074501-10. doi:10.1115/1.4026882 Comparison of blade profiles on shroud and hub surfaces that are designed and measured, lines, designed profiles, symbols, and measured profiles Figure Legend: