1. Physical Factors Unit 4

2. Population size LowHighTemperature Zone of intolerance Zone of physiological stress Optimum range Zone of physiological stress Zone of intolerance No organisms Few organisms Lower limit of tolerance Abundance of organisms Few organisms No organisms Upper limit of tolerance Principles of Ecological Factors Abiotic factors Biotic factors Limiting factors Law of tolerance

3. Abiotic Factors Salinity Light Temperature Gases (O2, CO2 and N2) Nutrients Hydrostatic pressure Sound

4. Salinity 3.5% = 35 o/oo = 35 ppt = 35 g/1000g = g/L Osmotic Pressure –Hypotonic –Isotonic –Hypertonic Euryhaline or Stenohaline

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7. ISOTONIC SOLUTION HYPOTONIC SOLUTION HYPERTONIC SOLUTION (1) Normal (4) Flaccid (2) Lysing (5) Turgid (3) Shriveled (6) Shriveled ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL Plasma membrane

8. Electromagnetic spectrum Gamma rays X-raysUVInfrared Micro- waves Radio waves Visible light

11. Temperature Population size LowHighTemperature Zone of intolerance Zone of physiological stress Optimum range Zone of physiological stress Zone of intolerance No organisms Few organisms Lower limit of tolerance Abundance of organisms Few organisms No organisms Upper limit of tolerance Euthermal Stenothermal

12. Dissolved Gases Gas% gas in atmosphere % dis.gas in seawater concentration in ppm Nitrogen (N 2 )78.08%48%10-18 ppm Oxygen (O 2 )20.95%36%0-13 ppm Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) 0.035%15%64-107 ppm

15. Sound