1. Романцов Николай Владимирович, студент 2 курса по специальности: 140709 Атомные электрические станции и установки Руководитель проекта - Рислинг Элла Петровна Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ» Волгодонский инженерно-технический институт - филиал НИЯУ МИФИ ТЕХНИКУМ Тема: Who first split the atom? Номинация: Персона века

2. Содержание  Биография  Научная деятельность  Интересные факты  Заключение

3. Biography Ernest Rutherford 1871-1937 Ernest Rutherford is one of the most illustrious scientists of all time. He is to the atom what Darwin is to Evolution Newton to mechanics, Faraday to electricity and Einstein to relativity. His pathway from child to immortality is a fascinating one.

4. Family Ernest Rutherford was born in Nelson (New Zealand), on August 30th 1871 by James and Martha Rutherford. His father was a wheel master and his mother was a teacher. Beside Ernest there were 6 sons and 5 daughters. Sculpture of a young Ernest Rutherford. Memorial in New Zealand

5. Childhood At 10 Ernest received his first science book. Among the many suggested experiments in it one, on using the speed of sound to determine the distance to a firing cannon, gave him the knowledge to surprise his family by estimating the distance to a lighting flash. In 1887 Ernest won a Scholarship to Nelson College. In 1889 he was head boy and won one of the ten scholarships available nationally to assist attendance at a college of the University of New Zealand.

6. University From 1890 to 1894 Ernest attended Canterbury College. There he played rugby and participated in the activities of the Dialectic Society (a student debating society). His mathematical ability won him the one Senior Scholarship in Mathematics available in New Zealand. This allowed him to return for a further (honours or Masters) year during which he took both mathematics and physics.

7. Cambridge Ernest Rutherford left New Zealand in 1895 as a highly skilled 23-year-old who held three degrees from the University of New Zealand and had a reputation as an outstanding researcher and innovator working at the forefront of electrical technology. He elected to work with Professor J. Thomson of Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory. Professor Thomson quickly realised that Rutherford was a researcher of exceptional ability and invited him to join in a study of the electrical conduction of gases.

8. Rutherford always gathered a group of bright young researchers around. In 1898, Rutherford became professor of physics at McGill University in Canada, and in 1907 returned to England to lead the Department of Physics, University of Manchester.

9. Ernest Rutherford received the Chemistry Prize in 1908 for his investigations into the decay of elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances. Nobel Prize Medal for Physics and Chemistry

10. Ernest Rutherford at the Solvay Congress in 1911.

11. In 1919 Rutherford returned to Cambridge, this time as director of the Cavendish Laboratory, and remained in that post until his death. Rutherford Laboratory in Cambridge This year he succeeded in transforming the nitrogen nuclei in the oxygen nucleus, firing the first fast-moving alpha particles.

12. Scientific activity Rutherford wrote and published three volumes of work. All of them are experimental. 1904 - "Radioactivity". 1905 - "Radioactive transformations." 1930 - "Emissions of radioactive substances“. In 1898 components of radiation became one of the first discoveries of Rutherford. Scientist called them alpha and beta rays. Later he demonstrated the nature of each component and also showed that there is a third component which is called gamma rays.

13. The first experiment of transformation of substances, nitrogen and oxygen, made by Ernest Rutherford. The experimental scheme for the detection of complex composition radiation: 1 - radioactive substance 2 - lead cylinder 3 - plate

14. Planetary model of the atom It is a historical model of atomic structure, which was proposed by Ernest Rutherford in the experiment with a scattering of alpha particles. In this model the atom consists of small positively charged nucleus, which focuses almost the entire mass of the atom around which electrons move - just as the planets move around the sun.

15. In 1903 Rutherford and Soddy proved the idea of ​​ transforming the elements in the process of radioactive decay. Prior to this, scientists believed that the individual atoms are indivisible and immutable. However, Rutherford and his assistant were able to show that when an atom emits an alpha-or beta-rays, it is converted into an atom of a different sort.

16. Next discovery forever shocked habitual vision of the world. Atom of gold consisted almost entirely of empty space, and almost all the atomic mass was concentrated in the center, in a small "core" of the atom. Note that before the gold atoms were considered as solid, impenetrable "tiny billiard balls."

17. Interesting facts One of the pupils described his teacher as a man whose appearance was very tight, above-average height, with blue eyes, always cheerful and with very expressive face.

18. » For good temper Kapitsa nicknamed Rutherford as "Crocodile". In 1931, "Crocodile" procured 15,000 pounds for the construction and equipment of a special building for laboratory of Kapitza. In February 1933, in Cambridge, the laboratory was opened. In the wall of two - storey building a huge crocodile was hewn in stone.

19. Conclusion The model of the atom of carbon He is known as “Father" of nuclear physics. He created the planetary model of atom. One of the founders of the doctrine about a radio-activity and a structure of atom.

20. He discovered alpha- and beta beams and established their nature. He created the radio-activity theory. He made experiments that demonstrated the first artificial nuclear reaction. He predicted the existence of neutron.

21. Without the science of physics and the work of physicists, our modern ways of living would not exist. From such branches of physics as electricity, magnetism, heat, light, sound have come clues how atoms are constructed and how they react to various kinds of energy.

22. England is really rich in tourist attractions, historical past, as well as outstanding people. I am a student whose future profession is associated with the nuclear industry. That’s why it was very interesting to see the life and scientific work of Ernest Rutherford. To me mind, he is widely regarded as the greatest experimental physicist of the 20th century. He is the central figure in knowledge in the field of radioactivity, as well as academics, marked as the beginner of nuclear physics.

23. Интернет - ресурсы  http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C0%F2%EE%EC  http://www.edu.delfa.net/Interest/biography/biblio.htm http://www.edu.delfa.net/Interest/biography/biblio.htm  http://textik.ru/citations/topic/nauka/? http://textik.ru/citations/topic/nauka/  fiz.1september.ru›2006/21/12.htm  http://classizika.narod.ru/9_35.htm http://classizika.narod.ru/9_35.htm  http://fizika.ayp.ru/9/9_1.html http://fizika.ayp.ru/9/9_1.html  http://www.newreferat.com/ref-12715-1.html