1. Mrs. Halkiades Fall 2007

3. Lead Branch Is the most important branch Dominant over other branches Scaffold Branches Other branches (besides the lead branch)

4. Canopy Created by scaffold branches Foliage Crotch The point at which a branch meets the trunk (or a larger branch)

5. Suckers Originate from the underground root system Water sprouts Develop along the trunk of a tree Neither is attractive and should be removed

6. Strong Branches Where crotch union is wide Approaching right angle Weak Branches Where crotch union is narrow

7. Depends on the plant. Off –season pruning Advantages and Disadvantages to every season.

8. To remove diseased portions Cut should be made through healthy wood Don’t cut through diseased part Contamination

9. To improve health or appearance Remove 1. branches growing toward the center of plant 2. extra branches at tree crotch 3. branches growing across other branches

11. Thinning Reduces size Best pruning method Makes a healthier tree No more than ¼ of branches at a time

12. Jump Cutting Used to prune limbs from trees Prevents bark removal 3 cuts

14.  Removing branches from the bottom of the crown of a tree to provide clearance

17. Used when a tree has grown too large for it’s space Preferred to topping More natural appearance Less stress Use as a last resort

18. 1. make a notch on the side of the stem away from the branch to be retained, well above the branch crotch 2. Inside of the branch crotch - cut through the stem above the notch 3. cut the remaining stub

19. a specialist in the cultivation and care of trees and shrubs, including tree surgery, the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tree diseases, and the control of pests.

20. Shrub – multistemmed woody plant Crown Where branches and root system meet New branches originate here Causes shrub to grow wider

21. Thinning out is the removal of a shrub branch near the crown Removes old wood while retaining shape and size 1-2 times per year

24. Trimming back terminal growth to maintain desired shrub size and form Preferred method for controlling the size and shape of shrubs and for maintaining hedges

28. Level on top and tapered on sides Sunlight should reach lower portion Use hedge shears Usually used in spring

31. American Psychological Association (APA): arborist. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved September 17, 2007, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/arboristhttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/arborist Chicago Manual Style (CMS): arborist. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/arborist (accessed: September 17, 2007). http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/arborist Modern Language Association (MLA): "arborist." Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. 17 Sep. 2007.. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/arborist