1. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart

2. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Combustion Theory In order to maximize the heat capture (efficiency) of an industrial furnace the feed fuel/air ratio must be monitored and controlled. Measuring the oxygen and residual unburned fuel (combustibles) in the flue gas provides the critical information needed to properly adjust the fuel/air feed.

3. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Combustion Chemical Reactions In the case of a natural gas which is largely methane (CH 4 ) the simple expression of the reactions is: When the amount of oxygen is just enough to balance the fuel the air/fuel ratio is said to be stoichiometric CH 4 + 2O 2 = CO 2 + 2H 2 O + HEAT Fuel Air Ignition Source O2O2 CH 4 H2OH2O CO 2

4. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Complete vs. Incomplete Combustion If the combustion is complete all of the hydrocarbons are converted to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O). If there is insufficient oxygen to convert all of the hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water the combustion is said to be incomplete and unburned combustibles will be found in the exhaust. Unburned combustibles = wasted fuel Fuel Air Ignition Source O2O2 CH 4 H2OH2O CO H2H2 CO 2

5. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Oxygen Set Point 0%1%2%3%4% Excess O 2 300 ppm 200 ppm 100 ppm Combustibles Excess Air Theoretical Set Point Oxygen & CO Analyzer Set Point Oxygen Only Analyzer Set Point Combined Efficiency Loss Curve

6. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Why Measure Oxygen and CO? Maximize thermal capture efficiency Reduce NO X  Good Combustion = Easy Compliance Monitor burner conditions Reduce downtime caused by poor combustion Avoid problems from air leakage

7. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Portable Gas Analyzer Measures up to 9 gases Calculates efficiency and normalized concentrations Integral Sample Pump Integral Data Logger Range of Options for each Application Lancom 4

8. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Gases Measured CO (low and high ranges) O 2 NO NO 2 SO 2 H 2 S Hydrocarbons CO 2 No portable gas monitor measures more!

9. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Advantages of Lancom 4 Very Robust Lightweight Simple to Use Convenient Catch pot Visible, Clip-in Filters Easy Access Sensors Easy to Calibrate Easy to Service

10. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Easy to maintain Flexible Configuration Simple Maintenance Easy Sensor Change Field upgrade possible - simply install a new config file

11. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Principal Features Nine Gas Capability Automatic CO Over Range Protection Remote Upgrade Capability First Truly Portable Sample Drying Probe Superb Ergonomics

12. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Sample Probes –Standard –DrySampler Printer Wake and Sleep Mode Stack Pressure Measurement Flow measurement Insight reporting software Lancom Options

13. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Application – Combustion Optimization Adjust fuel/air ratio Reduce waste Reduce CO and NOx emissions Improve environmental performance Save money!

14. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Application – Emissions Measurement Demonstrate compliance with air pollution regulations Measure Emissions periodically Suitable for small processes where CEMS is uneconomic Test protocol such as ASTM D6522 or SCAQMD 1110.1 It is not a substitute for a CEMS!

15. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Application – Check CEMS Useful service tool Quick confirmation of readings Can measure at different points –Stack traverse –Different access points

16. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Application – Process Control Verify deNOx system Process gases such as CO and SO 2 can affect product quality in glass and ceramics manufacturing

17. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Application - Site Survey Measure gas concentrations at different points in a process Measure emissions from different processes Log results Print results

18. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Power Generation Coal or natural gas fuel Large boilers Always have a Continuous Emissions Monitoring System Measure in Stack or Duct Efficiency Emissions measurement Check CEMS Check deNOx function

19. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Industrial & Commercial Boilers Coal, oil or natural gas fuel Typically used to produce hot water or steam for use in an industrial process Can also be used as part of a site heating or CHP system Measure in Stack or Duct Efficiency Emissions measurement Check CEMS

20. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Process Heaters Gas fuel – natural gas or site off-gas Used to drive reaction in chemical or petrochemical plant Measure in Stack or Duct Efficiency Emissions measurement Compare with WDG VC or similar

21. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Reciprocating Engines Diesel or natural gas fuel Backup generator for small town or industrial site Can also be used as part of a site heating or CHP system Measure in Stack Efficiency Emissions measurement Check CEMS if used Check deNOx function

22. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Pre-configured packages Basic – CO, NO, NO 2, O 2 Standard – CO, NO, NO 2, O 2, SO 2 Pro – CO, NO, NO 2, O 2, SO 2, CO 2, draft, flow Typically 10% less expensive than custom-built unit Includes Insight software at no additional charge Standard and Pro include wake-and-sleep H 2 compensated CO available High-temperature versions have high-temp probe

23. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Pre-configured packages Sensors and features Lancom 4 Kit O2O2 CO L CO L H2 Comp CO H NONO 2 SO 2 CO 2 Wake & Sleep Std Probe Hi Temp Probe Dry Sampler Draft Sensor Starter Kit XX XX X High Temp Starter Kit XX XX X Standard Kit XX XXXX XX H2 Comp Standard Kit XXXXXX XX High Temp Standard Kit XX XXXX X X Professional Kit XX XXXXXXX XX H2 Comp Professional Kit XXXXXXXXX XX High Temp Professional Kit XX XXXXXX XXX All systems include Insight Data Acquisition Software Professional kits can measure stack velocity when used with the optional flow probe

24. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Get Out and Demonstrate!

25. Lancom 4 In Power and Boilers Derek Stuart Support