1. BY PROF. ADEBIYI GREGORY DARAMOLA fnaae VICE-CHANCELLOR, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,AKURE. *BEING A GUEST SPEAKER ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE AGRICULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP WORKSHOP ORGANISED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF DEANS OF AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES (ADAN) AND COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL SCI ENCES, LANDMARK UNIVERSITY, OMUARAN, NIGERIA ON THIS DAY TUESDAY 10 TH MAY, 2016. CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS DEVELOPMENT FOR AGROPRENEURSHIP TRAINING*

2.  Appreciation to the organizers of this workshop:  The Vice Chancellor Landmark University  President of ADAN  Deans of Agriculture of Nigerian Universities  All Participants - teachers of the discipline  Appreciation for the privilege and honour to be the Guest Speaker of the topic:  Curriculum and syllabus development for agropreneurship training 1.0INTRODUCTION

3.  present astronomically rising unemployment rate  Dearth of white collar jobs for the fresh graduates.  Enforcement of the introduction of entrepreneurship courses in the curricula of all tertiary institutions  Change agenda for diversification of the Nigerian economy Relevance of Topic

4.  importance of agriculture and entrepreneurship  Agropreneurship education/development: need of the day  meaning and importance of curriculum development  overview of curriculum development process Scope of Lecture

5. Agriculture has traditionally been the mainstay of the Nigerian economy with many assigned roles:  providing adequate food for an increasing population  supplying adequate raw materials to a growing industrial sector  major source of employment  major source of foreign exchange earnings  providing a market for the products of the Industrial Sector 2.0: Importance of Agriculture and Entrepreneurship to the Nigerian Economy

6. EVALUATION OF AGRIC EMPLOYMENT GENERATION:  The agric sector provides employment for over 70% of the active workforce  the sector releases labour at a higher rate than the non- agricultural sectors can absorb  the share of the total labour force in agric declines at an average rate of about 1.34% per annum since 1960  those of Industry and Services Sectors increase at the rate of 3.14% and 1.87% per annum respectively.

7.  Nigeria’s food production grows at c2.5% p.a  food demand grows at a rate of >3.5% p.a  due to high rate of population growth of over 2.83% p.a.  The consequences of above:  a widening gap between domestic food supply and demand,  an increasing resort to food importation to bridge part of the widening food supply demand gap  high rates of increase in food prices due to a growing food supply, despite food importation. EVALUATION OF THE FOOD PRODUCTION BY AGRIC SECTOR

8.  The word entrepreneur itself derives from the French verb entreprendre, meaning „to undertake ‟  Many eminent economists and scholars recognized entrepreneurship as a fourth factor of production  Schumpeter defined entrepreneurs as innovators who implement entrepreneurial change within markets ENTREPRENEURSHIP

9.  Entrepreneurship is the dynamic process of identifying economic opportunities and acting upon them.  It is the ability to marshal resources to seize new business opportunities…”.  It means self-employment: “… an entrepreneur is anyone who works for himself or herself but not for someone else  enterprising individuals display the readiness to take risks with new or innovative ideas to generate new products or services WHAT IS ENTREPRENEURSHIP?

10.  Small-scale farmers all over the world often have entrepreneurial qualities: they are Agroentrepreneurs  They have shown a remarkable ability to adapt.  They look for better ways to organize their farms to increase productivity, diversify production, reduce risk and increase profits.  They have become more market-oriented  they have learned to take calculated risks to open or create new markets for their products. UNDERSTANDING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN FARMING:

11.  About 70 % of Nigeria population is dependent on agriculture for their livelihood.  economic problems in Nigeria include;  urbanization,  poverty,  unemployment  economic development.  rural development. 3.0: Agropreneurship Education and Development: Need Of the Day

12. Developing entrepreneurs in agriculture will solve all the problems viz. (a) reduce the burden of agriculture (b) generate employment opportunities for educated rural youths (c) control migration from rural to urban areas (d) increase national income (e) support industrial development in rural areas (f) reduce the pressure on urban cities etc. Agropreneurship Education and Development: Need Of the Day

13.  But development of entrepreneurship in the area of agriculture requires special skills like;  human development  knowledge of agriculture  knowledge of global agriculture market.  These skills are better taught by improved curriculum development Agropreneurship Education and Development: Need Of the Day

14.  A curriculum is the “heart” of any learning institution-schools or universities cannot exist without a curriculum  curriculum refers to the “total learning experiences of individuals not only in school, but in society as well”  Curriculum development is defined as a planned, purposeful, progressive, and systematic process in order to create positive improvements in the educational system  There is a need to update curriculum in order to address the society’s needs. 4.0: The Meaning and Importance of Curriculum Development 4.0

15.  Curriculum development has a broad scope because it is not only about the school, the learners and the teachers  curriculum development plays a vital role in improving the economy of a country.  It provides answers to the world’s pressing conditions and problems, such as’  environment, politics, socio-economics, and other issues on poverty, climate change and sustainable development. The Meaning and Importance of Curriculum Development

16.  the school curriculum particularly in higher education must be developed to preserve the country’s national identity and to ensure its economy’s growth and stability.  If universities have curricular programs that are innovative and in demand in the local or global markets, many students even from foreign countries will enroll.  Higher number of candidates would mean income on the part of the universities for promotion, scholarship, research and in putting up school facilities, libraries, and laboratories. The Meaning and Importance of Curriculum Development

17.  The Process of curriculum development is essential for successfully achieving the overall educational goals for students.  It asks for systematic approach which should respect several aspects: the needs of the society, students and teaching staff.  This process should be maximally efficient and effective  It should be built upon previous work. Process of curriculum development

18.  The Process itself should be done in a specific algorithm:  starting from the definition of final goals of the educational process,  selection of certain tools for achieving this goals  integration of different elements inside one curriculum. Process of curriculum development

19.  Curriculum should present mosaics of different  courses  learning and teaching strategies  and integrate them into one picture which is specific for a certain institution.  It has to respect all existing material and human resources of the institution.

20. "Every Journey Begins With The First Step."  The curriculum development process systematically organizes:  who will be taught  what will be taught  how it will be taught.  Each component affects and interacts with other components. For example, what will be taught is affected by who is being taught (e.g., their stage of development in age, maturity, and education). 5.0: Overview of the Curriculum Development Process

21.  Methods of how content is taught are affected by:  who is being taught  their characteristics  the setting Overview of the Curriculum Development Process

22.  It shows how these components relate to each other and to the curriculum development process.  It begins with an issue, concern, or problem needs to be addressed.  If education or training a segment of the population will help solve the problem, then curriculum to support an educational effort becomes a priority with human and financial resources allocated.  The next step is to form a curriculum development team. CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT MODEL

23.  The team makes systematic decisions about the target audience (learner characteristics),  intended out-comes (objectives), content, methods, and evaluation strategies.  With input from the curriculum development team, draft curriculum products are developed, tested, evaluated, and redesigned -if necessary.  When the final product is produced, volunteer training is conducted. CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT MODEL

24.  The model shows a circular process where volunteer training provides feedback for new materials or revisions to the existing curriculum. Figure 1: Curriculum Development Model

26.  It further illustrates how the 12 essential steps progress from one to the next.  It also shows the interaction and relationships of the four essential phases of the curriculum development process:  (I) Planning,  (II) Content and Methods  (III) Implementation  (IV) Evaluation and Reporting. PHASES AND STEPS IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

27.  Each phase has several steps or tasks to complete in logical sequence.  steps are not always separate but may overlap and occur concurrently.  E.g, the curriculum development team is involved in all of the steps.  Evaluations should occur in most of the steps to assess progress. The team learns what works and what does not and determines the impact of the curriculum on learners after it is implemented.  Each step logically follows the previous.  It would make no sense to design learning activities before learner outcomes and content are described and identified PHASES AND STEPS IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

28. FIGURE 2.

29.  this lecture has been able to lay emphasis on the importance of agriculture in the overall economic development of this country by emphasizing on the aspect of youth employment through agropreneurship development and the processes of curriculum development.  Therefore I want to charge participants at this workshop to imbibe the spirit of the song we were taught during our early school years in fashioning a curriculum that will make agropreneurship a centre piece in the educational development of our students. 6.0: CONCLUSION:

30.  This song underscores the importance attached to the uniqueness of the position of agriculture in the socio-economic development of the Nigeria nation  The song goes thus:  ISE AGBE NI ISE ILE WA, ENI KO SISE A MA JA’LE, IWE KIKO LAISI OKO ATI ADA KOIPE O KOIPE O  AGRICULTURE IS THE MAIN OCCUPATION OF OUR COUNTRY, WHO DOESN’T FARM WILL STEAL, EDUCATION WITHOUT HOE AND CUTLASS IS NOT COMPLETE CONCLUSION:

31.  Wishing you a very fruitful deliberation.  Thanks for listening