1. Aid, Environment and Climate Change – A Synthesis Wisdom Akpalu State University of New York

2. Traditional role of aid should continue... Aid should continue to play its traditional role In addition aid should go to LIC and MIC as poverty is now wide spread. –It is more depressing to be poor and live among the rich than among poor peers.

3. Emerging challenges… The changing climate pose yet a critical challenge to the world Low-income countries cannot internally generate the critical resources needed for adaptation or mitigate climate impact. Funds at the global level are moving away from local environmental issues (i.e., mainly adaptation) to trans-boundary issues (i.e., mainly mitigation) But adaptation and mitigation issues are intertwine

4. Constraints facing developing countries Even more serious is that LIC and MIC are failing to take advantage of the funding opportunities (REDD+, CDM, GEF, GCF) Why?: –Limited knowledge of biophysical and management sciences –Demand uncertainties –Forest based, and not all countries are well endowed –Weak institutions, including bad governance

5. What should foreign aid do? Build institutions –independent academic institutions Support collaborative research with capacity building objectives –Support community level adaptation and mitigation projects –Carry out frequent socio-economic studies to assess aid impacts. –Tie Aid to good governance indicators

6. THANK YOU