1. Introduction: ● DNS size ● Function ● The 3 most important components ● UK legislation regards to the DNS ● Limitations

2. Size and Function  The DNS is so large in size.  The main function is to connect the client to the Internet, to a website, by distributed database between them. The DNS transforms domain name into numerical IP address.  It works Just like the phone number, the DNS works with IP address and domain name.

3. Phone call Bob’s number is 555-666. He wants to call Alice. So, he dial Alice’s number which is 222- 345.

4. IP address and domain name The DNS translate a domain name into IP address. Example: The facebook website has a domain name: www.facebook.com Which correspond to the IP address number: 69.171.229.11 It’s so much easier to remember the name facebook than the number of the webpage. That’s DNS main function.

5. DNS Infrastructure  Client resolver: it’s the user  Local DNS (LDNS): is to server the client resolver to the internet  Authoritative DNS (ADNS) : store name-to- name address records for resources(e.g.: bookshop’s website address). It’s also divvied into Root and Top level severs which store records for locating the ADNS.

6. DNS Components (Pang, Hendricks, Akella, De Prisco, Maggs, Seshan, 2004)

7. UK and DNS  DNS legislation in the United Kingdom(UK) has it’s own domain name the.uk.  The UK system maintain by the group called Nominet. Which has a register that controlled the Internet’s DNS in the UK.

8. DNS AND PROBLEMS  Hackers are a big issue for DNS as they can cause website to shut down and steal information form the client.  Example: the website, www.ebay.com. A hacker creates a fake website that looks the same as the original. By doing this, he can get people to enter their passwords, bank details, address and more without any suspicions by the user.

9. Conclusion  DNS is huge and will continue to grow as new system will be created to support the new websites and domain name.  The function of translate IP address is what make the Internet so amazing tool and so easy to use it.  Overall, the DNS is what make the Internet the way it is now.

10. References:  Boyce, J (2000), Understanding how the DNS works, Part 1. Retrieved from http://www.techrepublic.com/article/understandi ng-how-dns-works-part-1/1053442 http://www.techrepublic.com/article/understandi ng-how-dns-works-part-1/1053442  Noane, E. (2008), The Flaw at the Heart of the Internet. Retrieved from http://www.technologyreview.com/web/21537/ http://www.technologyreview.com/web/21537/  Pang, Hendricks, Akella, De Prisco, Maggs, Seshan, (2004), Availability, usage, and deployment characteristics of the domain name system. Retrieved from http://www.jeffpang.net/papers/imc04- dnschar.pdf http://www.jeffpang.net/papers/imc04- dnschar.pdf

11.  Policy issue brief: Dealing with domain names used in connection with criminal activity. (n.b). Retrieved from http://www.nic.uk/digitalAssets/54320_Dealing_ with_domain_names_associated_with_criminal _activity_Issue_brief.pdf http://www.nic.uk/digitalAssets/54320_Dealing_ with_domain_names_associated_with_criminal _activity_Issue_brief.pdf  Taylor, E (2006), UK perspective on the net's future, BBC news. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6086960.s tm http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6086960.s tm  Trefor Davies and Chris Nicholls(2011), Making the move to IPv6, IET. Retrieved from http://eandt.theiet.org/magazine/2011/02/move- to-ipv6.cfmIPv6 http://eandt.theiet.org/magazine/2011/02/move- to-ipv6.cfm