1. Introduction Video

2. The North vs the South

3. The Union (North) Nickname: The Yankees Led by General Meade, then General Ulysses Grant Insisted on keeping slavery out of new states Confederacy attacked first at Fort Sumter

4. The Confederacy (South) Nickname: the Rebels Led by General Lee Insisted on the right to keep slavery Wanted individual states’ rights Lost the Battle of Gettysburg turning point in the war General Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia on April 9, 1865

5. The Main Causes of the Civil War

6. Slavery Was the main issue that all other issues stemmed from Main cause of the war

7. Nat Turner’s RevoltRevolt Southampton County, Virginia Turner led 70slaves in Virginia in an uprising 55 whites were killed The rebel slaves were captured Revolt caused whites to form mobs, about 200 blacks were killed

8. Results of the RevoltRevolt Southern states tightened slave laws Fear of other revolts spread throughout the South More Northerners began to support the abolition of slavery

10. Economics North People made money in factories People made money in businesses South People made money from cotton Cotton was grown on plantations Slaves were needed to work on plantations

11. The Compromises Missouri Compromise 18201820 Missouri became a slave state Maine became a free state Slaves would not be allowed above the 36 0 30’ latitude line States above the line were free, states below the line were slave states Worked until 1850 when California wanted to become a state Compromise of 18501850 California wanted to become a state but the line cut it in half – became a free state States could vote on becoming free or slave states Fugitive Slave Law was passed Buying and selling slaves in Washington D.C. was now illegal, can still own them

12. Fugitive Slave Law Any slaves escaping from the South to the North could be captured and returned to their masters in the South At times free blacks were captured by Bounty Hunters If someone resisted a Bounty Hunter they could be punished Many slaves fled to Canada (different government) Temporarily kept the nation united

13. Underground Railroad Abolitionists helped slaves escape to the NorthNorth Underground Rail Road Fredrick Douglas

14. Uncle Tom’s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1852Stowe Purpose – “I would write something that would make this whole nation feel what an accursed thing slavery is.” – Harriet Beecher Stowe after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law Act Impact – Book helped Northerners and Europeans to see all slave owners as inhuman and cruel

15. Kansas Nebraska Act Kansas Nebraska Act – introduced by Stephen Douglas What the North got Southern support for a northern transcontinental railroad What the South got Popular Sovereignty would be used to decide if slavery would be allowed in the Kansas and Nebraska territories. Missouri Compromise had forbidden slaver in these territories.

16. Bleeding Kansas People killed each other over the results of an election that allowed slavery in Kansas because of unfair voting Result of the Kansas Nebraska Act

17. Founding of the Republican PartyRepublicanParty July 1854 Upset with the Kansas Nebraska Act, members of the Free Soil, Whig, and Democratic Parties joined together to create the Republican Party They opposed the expansion of slavery into the new territories

18. Election of 1856 Republican Candidate John C. Freemont – “Free soil, free speech free men, free labor.” Democratic Candidate James Buchanan Individual states and territories should decide on the future of slavery within their borders He won

20. Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott Decision - 1857 Scott was a slave in Missouri His master took him to Wisconsin, a free state, and then returned to Missouri Scott sued saying he should be free Supreme Court Decision – Scott was not a U.S. citizen, so he could not sue – Slaves were property so the government could not exclude slavery from any state – The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

21. Lincoln-Douglas Debates - 1858 Abraham LincolnStephen Douglas

22. LincolnLincoln-Douglas DebatesDebates Both were vying for the U.S. Senate seat for Illinois Agreed to debate each other 7 times Slavery was the main topic in the debates Douglas won the election, but Lincoln gained national attention and the 1860 Presidential nomination for the Republican Party

23. John Brown’s Raid October 16, 1859 October Harper’s Ferry, Virginia John Brown, his sons and former slaves attacked the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry attacked He wanted to use the weapons to arm Virginia slaves to revolt against their masters They failed, were captured and executed by hanging Letters Newspaper clips Eyewitness account

24. Election Before the War 1860 The North and South had different candidates

25. Election of 1860 Northern Democratic Candidate Stephen Douglas – Enforce the Fugitive Slave Act – Allow territories to vote on the practice of slavery Southern Democratic Candidate John Breckinridge – Unrestricted expansion of slavery – Annexation (taking over) of Cuba

26. Election of 1860 Republican Candidate Abraham Lincoln – No expansion of slavery – Protective tariffs – Internal improvements Constitutional Union Party Candidate John Bell – Preserve the Union

27. Election of 1860 Results – Who won?

28. Abraham Lincoln

29. Southern States Secede December 20, 1860 – South Carolina voted to secede from the Union South Carolina Many Southerners in President Buchanan’s cabinet resigned and his administration fell apart When Buchanan became president, there were 32 states in the Union. When he left, there were 25.

30. Confederate States of America Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas joined South Carolina in voting to secede. They create the Confederate States of America. Elected Jefferson Davis as their president.Jefferson Davis Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee joined the Confederacy after the attack on Fort Sumter.

31. Dark red – states that seceded before April 15, 1861 Red – states that seceded after April 15, 1861 Yellow – Union states that permitted slavery Blue – Union states that forbade slavery Grey – territories, unaffiliated

32. Fort Sumter – Immediate problem posed by the secession of the southern states were two forts held by Federal troops were now located in the Confederate States of America – Fort Sumter in South Carolina was cut off from Federal supplies and reinforcements – Buchanan refused to act with force during his last days as president and left the problem for Lincoln

33. The Fighting Begins Lincoln announced he would send provisions to the troops at Ft. Sumter At 4am on April 12, 1861, South Carolina fired upon Ft. Sumter and the Civil War began Fighting Begins Crisis at Ft. Sumter Eyewitness Account Ft. Sumter Surrenders