1. ePortfolio 2004 Accessibility Meta-data IMS AccLIP, AccMD: concepts and applications Liddy Nevile, Andy Heath, with contributions from Jutta Treviranus, Madeleine Rothberg, Martyn Cooper

2. ePortfolio 2004 Accessibility The idea that every person should be able to get access to information without being discriminated against because of disabilities.

3. ePortfolio 2004 Accessibility is … the matching of resources to people’s needs and preferences So lack of accessibility is a mis-match

4. ePortfolio 2004 Accessibility in education Avoidance of a mismatch between learners’ needs and preferences and resources offered Not a personal trait but artifact of relationship between the learner and the resources

5. ePortfolio 2004 Mismatches due to … Circumstances eg noise Device incompatibility eg mobile phone screen Incompatibility between modality and sensory ability Cultural or linguistic problems …

6. ePortfolio 2004 Typical problems (independent of cause) Can’t see screen Can’t see colours Can’t read text Can’t hear Can’t control cursor Can’t type

7. ePortfolio 2004 W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Accessibility guidelines Techniques Checkpoints Checkpoint techniques QA and Certification - for authors, authoring tools, user agents

8. ePortfolio 2004 Many W3C technologies that work for all Cascading style sheets (CSS1) eXtensible Markup Language and CSS2 Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Synchronised Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSLT) ChemML, MathML, MusicML,...

9. ePortfolio 2004 SVG example

10. ePortfolio 2004 SVG example Image is represented as vectors in text Sub-images can be identified Metadata can be added Rights management can be used Behaviours can be controlled –Eg an interactive knee dissection linked to external resources

11. ePortfolio 2004 Technologies that work (contd.) XML => MathML, ChemML, etc MathML as an example –The equation x 2 + 4x + 4 =0

12. ePortfolio 2004 Screen presentation It can be read aloud by screen readers It can be used in maths applications It can be programmed for interactivity It can be programmed for feedback (But it can’t yet be used in Braille).

13. ePortfolio 2004 Technologies that work (contd.) XML and RDF and EARL …. XML - human readable, schemas etc ….. RDF - this ‘object’ has property ‘this’ EARL - this ’agent’ said this ‘object’ has this ‘property’ on this ‘date’ Eg “The application ‘Lift’ evaluated this page as accessible (didn’t fail) on 3/9/2002”.

14. ePortfolio 2004 Accessibility tools Accessible tools Tools for accessible authoring Validators ie code validators Evaluators ie compliance with guidelines producing metadata (EARL) Digital repositories for descriptive metadata (re-usable metadata??) On-the-fly repair tools (SWAP, TILE,..)

15. ePortfolio 2004 IMS “AccessForAll” Specifications A way to state what you need/prefer as a learner or user (AccLIP) A way to match up what you need with the right resources (AccMD) Collaboratively developed so can be used –with LIP and IEEE LOM –independently of LIP and IEEE LOM –in Dublin Core – …

16. ePortfolio 2004 AccLIP How do I want/need things to be displayed? How do I want/need things to be controlled? What content alternatives, equivalents or helpful tools do I want/need? Accessibility for LIP (Learner information Package)

17. ePortfolio 2004 AccMD How can this be displayed? How can this be controlled? What content alternatives, equivalents or helpful tools are available Accessibility Metadata

18. ePortfolio 2004 Generic and Special Elements Generic: a set of settings common to most alternative access systems within the category Special: settings specific to certain technologies within the category

19. ePortfolio 2004 Matching AccLIP and AccMD Simple matching, eg no images for a blind person Complex matching, eg –Genre - the type of object, eg a famous speech –Format - an image of the original text

20. ePortfolio 2004 Contexts that change needs Someone who is –tired –using a portable –at work … or … at home So there may be multiple personal profiles Or context specific generic ones

21. ePortfolio 2004 AccMD applies to … the primary resource –with pointers to secondary resources any secondary resources –with pointer to the primary resource for which this is an equivalent

22. ePortfolio 2004 TILE E-learning environment that enables learner- centric transformation of learning content and delivery Authoring support for transformable content and Metadata Browser Learning Object Repository Learner Preference System http://inclusivelearning.ca

23. ePortfolio 2004

31. Pieces AccLIP –User needs and preferences model AccMD –Resource description metadata model EARL –Language for expressing accessibility properties of content

32. ePortfolio 2004 Links http://w3.org/ http://w3.org/WAI/ http://www.imsglobal.org/accessibility http://dublincore.org/groups/access/ http://inclusivelearning.ca