1. Cel Animation Animation Unit

2. Who was Eadward Muybridge An English photographer who was a pioneer in photographic studies of motion. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYKZif9ooxs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYKZif9ooxs

3. Phi Phenom and Persistence of Vision The phi phenomenon is the optical illusion of perceiving continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession. Persistence of vision, another optical illusion, is the reason that the black spaces that come between each "real" movie frame are not perceived, which makes the phi phenomenon the true reason for motion illusion in cinema and animation.

4. What is Cel Animation? A traditional form of animation used in the production of cartoons or animated movies where each frame of the scene is drawn by hand. A method of creating cartoons using sheets of transparent cellulose acetate for drawing cartoon frames. The sheets are transparent so that they can be laid over other cels, or a painted background and then photographed. A full-length feature film produced using cel animation would often require a million or more drawings to complete.

5. Cel Animation Process Cel animation process: 1. Concept 2. Storyboard and Inspirational art 3. Voice recording— recording dialogue in studio 4. Drawings— pencil 5. Drawings— ink and paint (*Reflects voice and spoken word) 6. Backgrounds 7. Photography 8. Sound effects and musical recording (*Reflects animation and screen movements) * Split up sound recording

6. Voice recording Voice actors: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QvE pCXzcBI#aid=P9jwd7QNHCQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QvE pCXzcBI#aid=P9jwd7QNHCQ

7. Disney cel animation process http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhfp6Z8z1cI&list=PL2rRXkgGVy6HuNc qF1GSyBGPlALE6br-f&index=47

8. What is a multiplane camera? The multiplane camera is a special motion picture camera used in the traditional animation process that moves pieces of artwork past the camera at various speeds and at various distances from one another. This creates a three-dimensional effect.

9. Multiplane Camera Various parts of the artwork layers are left transparent, to allow other layers to be seen behind them. The movements are calculated and photographed frame- by-frame, with the result being an illusion of depth by having several layers of artwork moving at different speeds - the further away from the camera, the slower the speed.

10. Disney’s multiplane camera The most famous multiplane camera was invented by William Garity for Walt Disney Studios to be used in the production of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The camera was completed in early 1937. Disney's multiplane camera, which used up to seven layers of artwork (painted in oils on glass) shot under a vertical and moveable camera, allowed for more sophisticated uses than the previous multiframe versions, and was used prominently in Disney films such as Pinocchio, Fantasia, Bambi, and Peter Pan.

11. The Little Mermaid was the final Disney film to use a multiplane camera. The process was made obsolete by the implementation of a "digital Multiplane camera" feature in the digital animation process used for subsequent Disney films and in other computer animation systems. Multiplane camera: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdHTlUGN1zw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdHTlUGN1zw

12. Flipbooks -How to make a flipbook: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Njl- uqnmBGA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Njl- uqnmBGA