1. Fish Families
Family Identification

2. Acipenseridae / Sturgeon Family:

3. Acipenseridae / Sturgeon Family:
Rows of bony scales
Ventral Mouth, with barbels
Lake Sturgeon in the Great Lakes
Flesh is tasty! 

5. Amiidae / Bowfin Family:
Amia calva

6. Amiidae / Bowfin Family:
Long dorsal fin across most of the back
Body covered with scales
Long bony plate under the lower jaw
Only one species exists “living fossil”

8. Anguillidae / Freshwater Eel Family

9. Anguillidae / Freshwater Eel Family
The American Eel is distinguished by its shape
Long dorsal, caudal and anal fins
Toothed jaws, and the single gill opening.
Lampreys have a similar shape and long dorsal fins but have no jaws (teeth are in a sucking disc) and there are 7 gill openings – Lamprey NOT included with this group
Found in N. Atlantic and Great Lakes Region

11. Atherinidae / Silverside Family

12. Antherinidae / Silverside Family
Brook silversides are known for leaping out of the water over and over again-especially on moonlit nights.
Brook silversides are small, almost see-through fish that grow to about 3” long

13. Catostomidae / Sucker Family

14. Catostomidae / Sucker Family
Single soft rayed dorsal fin
Toothless jaws, teeth in throat only
Cycloid scales
Fleshy, protruding lips

15. Centrarchidae / Sunfish Family

17. Centrarchidae / Sunfish Family

19. Centrarchidae / Sunfish Family
Deep-bodied and compressed laterally
Fins often have both soft rays and stiff spines
Sunfish generally thrive in warm water
All sunfish are nest builders, and their saucer-shaped nests can be frequently observed along the shoreline of ponds, lakes and streams in late spring.
An active, nest-guarding male can often be observed swimming within the nest vicinity, guarding both eggs and newly-hatched young. A few days after hatching, the young emerge from the nest, at which time the guarding parent leaves them to care for themselves.
All sunfish are carnivorous.

23. Cottidae – Sculpin Family

25. Cottidae – Sculpin Family
Large head
Fanlike pectoral fins
No spines in anal fin.
This is a very large family with about 300 species.
Most species are found in Arctic or temperate waters and are bottom dwellers.
They typically occur in shallow or inter-tidal zones, though some species occur in deep ocean and others in fresh water.

27. Cyprinidae – Minnow Family

28. Cyprinidae – Minnow Family
No jaw teeth, ONE dorsal fin
1-3 rows of pharyngeal teeth
Barbels sometimes present.
This huge family lives almost exclusively in freshwater, though some of its members stray into brackish water.
There are more than two thousand species in this family

31. Esocidae – Pike Family

32. Esocidae – Pike Family
Members of the pike family have a long, streamlined profile that is found among predators in many fish families throughout the world.
Their fins are soft rayed, lacking the stiff spines found in other familiar fishes, such as sunfish and yellow perch.
Median fins include the dorsal and anal fins, located opposite each other about three-quarters of the way back towards the tail.
The pelvic fins are located midway on the fish's belly.
The pectoral fins are positioned closer to the head.

33. Esocidae – Pike Family
These ambush predators are known for their voracious appetites, feeding on prey fish
Because they are such aggressive predators, they are also popular fish for anglers to catch

34. Esocidae – Pike Family

37. Gasterosteidae / Stickleback Family:

38. Gasterosteidae / Stickleback Family:
Sticklebacks are small fish
They have 2,3 or more strong spines on the back in front of the dorsal fin
(spines that they can erect or depress at will)
Some of them have bony plates in the scaleless skin, but others do not.

39. Gasterosteidae / Stickleback Family:
Found in marine (salt), brackish (mixed) & freshwater habitats in the northern hemisphere
Spawning almost always takes place in freshwater
Eggs usually develop in a nest built & guarded by the male.

42. Ictaluridae

43. Ictaluridae / N. American Catfish Family:
Catfish do not have scales, and are aged by making cross sections of the pectoral spines to read growth rings.
The fin spines can be very toxic because of poisonous cell secretions on the spine but are not fatal to humans.
Wounds can be painful and extremely swollen for days although in most cases the wasp-like sensation fades after an hour and is gone in about 4-5 hours.
Madtoms are named for their hyperactive, darting and dashing behavior.
Bullhead catfishes are hardy and very tolerant of domestic pollution.
FYI:Larger catfishes, such as the Channel Catfish, are commercially important in the U.S.A. and are cultured in ponds. Catfish restaurant dinners are a specialty in the southern U.S.A. and catfish figure prominently in fish and chips. These fishes are also sought after by anglers, being strong fighters and good eating.

44. MAD TOM

46. Ictaluridae
All species construct nests and protect their young, although some smaller species take advantage of pollution by nesting in beer cans
The barbels and skin are taste and touch sensitive and used to detect food.
This is particularly useful in muddy water and at night. Many of these catfishes are nocturnal. "Taste" can also be used in breeding behavior and in schooling . Most catfish also have excellent hearing!

50. Lepisosteidae

51. Lepisosteidae / Gar Family:
Gars are found in freshwaters of North America sometimes in brackish water & rarely the sea.
Gars have elongate jaws ("gar" is Old English for spear) filled with needle-like teeth.
The ganoid scales are heavy, peg and groove hinged, non-overlapping, rhombic and plate-like, forming an effective armor.
Dorsal and anal fins are near the tail.

52. Lepisosteidae

53. Lepisosteidae - FYI
Gar are considered a pest because they eat other fishes and are often killed by fish.
They have been pursued by anglers who specialize in trying to catch this species with its narrow bony mouth.
They are edible, better tasting when smoked, although they are hard to clean because of the bony armor.
The flesh must be carefully cleaned of the eggs before eating as these are thought to be poisonous although there is some dispute about this

54. Percidae

55. Percidae / Perch Family
Perches have 2 dorsal fins, the first spiny & the second soft rayed, which are usually separate or only slightly joined.
The anal fin has only 1-2 spines (rather than 3 as in related families).
The pelvic fins are under the pectorals. Scales are ctenoid.

56. Logperch
Walleye

57. Percidae Teeth may be long and sharp or small and in bands.
The operculum has a sharp spine.
There are 2 kinds of perches –
large species with compressed bodies and a swim-bladder,
small species with depressed bodies and reduced or absent swim-bladders.
In North America the larger species include the Yellow Perch, Sauger and Walleye
The smaller species are the darters.
Darters are sensitive to environmental change and are useful indicators of the health of aquatic ecosystems

58. Walleye

59. Percidae

61. Percopsideae

62. Percopsideae / Troutperch Family:
The Trout-perch Family contains only 2 species in North American freshwaters
The name derives from their anatomy, which contains characters of both the trout or salmon-like fishes and the perch-like fishes
They include an adipose fin, weakly ctenoid scales, a scale-less head

63. Petromyzontidae

64. Petromyzontidae / Lamprey Family:
Lampreys are jawless fishes
Lacking bone in the skeleton
7 pairs of pore-like gill openings
The eel-like body has no pectoral or pelvic fins. There are 1 or 2 dorsal fins and a caudal fin.
The mouth is a circular armed with rows of sharp teeth

65. Petromyzontidae
There are also teeth on the tongue. The one nostril opening is not connected to the mouth.
There is a light-sensitive pineal organ or "third eye" behind the nostril.
The skin is covered in mucus which is poisonous to fishes and humans.
Lampreys are edible if the mucus is cleaned off.

66. Petromyzontidae

67. Polyodontiae / Paddlefish Family:

68. Polyodontiae Large, elongate, stout body Ventral mouth
Long, flattened, paddle-like snout
Large head · Small eyes · No teeth
Two barbels under the snout near the mouth

70. Polyodontiae Relative of the sturgeon
The huge snout covered with sensitive taste buds which may help locate plankton.
A filter-feeder, the paddle fish can grow up to 200 pounds.
Dams have caused a decrease in population in the United States.

71. Salmonidae / Salmon & Trout Family:
Have an adipose fin
Scales are cycloid
There are no fin spines
The lateral line is obvious , dorsal fin at mid-body
Breeding tubercles may in some species.
These fishes are tetraploids.

72. Salmonidae
Many are anadromous, spending part of their life at sea, but returning to freshwater where all species spawn in a gravel bed in rivers or stream
Most die after spawning.

75. Umbridae – Umbra limi Central Mud-minnow
It is fairly tolerant of low oxygen concentration
Sometimes the only, or one of a very few, fish species left in waters susceptible to winter or summer kill

77. The central mudminnow lives in slow-moving water around ponds, lakes, and streams
It burrows tail-first in mud allowing it to live in waterways unavailable to other fishes.
It is eaten by many species of fish such as grass pickerel, sunfishes, northern pike, and catfishes; it is also preyed upon by birds, foxes, and snakes.  

78. Mudminnows perform better in environments with other fish species than in environments with just mudminnows, because the "interspecific interactions
Central mudminnows are known to eat a large variety of zooplankton and benthic and macroinvertebrates.
Adults are also known to feed energetically in the winter months on littoral fish.
Uses a modified gas bladder to breathe air pockets trapped between the ice and water during the winter to feed and stay active.

82. Vocabulary Ganoid: Placoid rhomboid in shape
Bowfin, paddlefishes, gars and sturgeons
Placoid
They do not increase in size as the fish grows, instead new scales are added.
Often referred to as denticles.
sharks and rays

83. Cycloid & Ctenoid Scales
Found in the most bony fishes
Overlapping scales
Gives the fish greater flexibility than in those species with placoid or ganoid scales
Ctenoid

84. Placoid Scales
Cycloid Scales
Ganoid Scales
Ctenoid Scales

85. Determining Age in Fish
As cycloid and ctenoid scales grow, growth rings called circuli form
Looks like tree rings
During the cooler months of the year the scale and otoliths (inner ear bone) grows more slowly and the rings are closer together leaving a band called an annulus.
By counting the annuli it is possible estimate the age of the fish.

86. A few more icthovocabulary 
Tetraploid: Having 4 sets of chromosomes in the nucleus
Anadromous: Fishes that spend all or part of their adult life in salt water and return to freshwater streams and rivers to spawn.
Catadromous: Fish that journey from freshwater to the depths of the ocean to spawn

88. Bio II – Fish / Macroinvertebrate Test
Good Luck

89. #1 What Fish is this #2 What Family

90. #3 What Family

91. #4 What is the fish name (common name)

92. #5 What Family

93. #6 What Family

94. #7 Fish (common) name #8 Family name
Same fish – different pictures
Note: Fish is large – not found in streams – found in lakes

95. #9 Fish Name (Same one that Becca brought in) #10 Family Name

96. What fish – What family – jk 
RELAX – You can do this says Gill (Moorish Idol)

97. #11 - What Family?

98. 13 14 12

99. 16 (tail fin or ___ fin)
15 (bony plate) 18 17

100. A person that studies fish is called a/an ___.
#19
A person that studies fish is called a/an ___.

101. #20
#21 – What Family