1. The Biological Definition of Life Maintenance of Boundaries Movement Response to Stimuli (Environmental Δ) Taking in and Processing Nutrients Metabolism Disposal of Wastes Reproduction Growth

2. Maintenance of Boundaries Cell membranes control internal chemistry The Integumentary System keeps fluids in and bacteria out. It also serves to protect us from thermal and chemical damage.

3. Movement Get to Resources Get away from Threats Muscular System Cardiovascular System Digestive System Urinary System

4. Response to Stimuli (Environmental Δ) Nervous System Touching a hot burner –Moving hand away from painful stimulus

5. Taking in and Processing Nutrients The Digestive System At the Cellular Level

6. Metabolism Digestive System & Respiratory System –To make nutrients and oxygen available to the blood. Cardiovascular System –To distribute throughout the body. Endocrine System –Regulates metabolism by hormones secreted by endocrine glands.

7. Disposal of Wastes Respiratory System –Disposing of carbon dioxide Digestive System –Rids body of indigestible food residues Urinary System –Disposes of nitrogen- containing metabolic waste At the cellular level

8. Reproduction Reproductive System Endocrine System At the Cellular Level –Meiosis –Mitosis

9. Growth An increase in size, usually by an increase in number of cells. Onion root tip dividing

10. All of this requires… Nutrients Gases Water Temperature Maintenance Pressure Maintenance

11. Successfully doing all of this requires the maintenance of Homeostatic Balance What does Equilibrium mean in the context of a chemical system?

12. Control Systems

13. Negative Feedback Response reduces stimulus –A Thermostat –Body Temperature –Hunger

14. Positive Feedback Response increases stimulus –In positive feedback mechanisms, the original stimulus is promoted rather than negated. Contractions during childbirth

15. The Biological Definition of Life Maintenance of Boundaries Movement Response to Stimuli (Environmental Δ) Taking in and Processing Nutrients Metabolism Disposal of Wastes Reproduction Growth