1. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Signal pathway of the HVS. Signal at the display is observed after being transmitted through the pupil, filtered by the eye, gained by the HVS, and summed spatial by the visual cortex. If the final signal (Sdet) is larger than the final noise floor, then detection is possible. Any part of a system outside the eye is not included here, such as the display MTF. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

2. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Psychometric function fit to measured CTF data at a single frequency with varied noise levels. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

3. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Noise pathway of the HVS. The final noise floor is the summation of three noise sources, displayed noise, eye photon noise, and eye contrast noise. Displayed noise passes the pupil, filtered by the eye and channel MTF, filtered temporally, and gained by the HVS. Eye photon noise is filtered temporally, and gained by the HVS. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

4. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Measured versus cycles on target (V) of historical NVESD results (experiments 13, 19, and 20) with new noise model using γ=240 and β=4.9. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

5. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Measured versus cycles on target (V) of Fanning’s noise test results with new noise model using γ=240 and β=4.9. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

6. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Canon images, same outfit as in Fig. 18, with a 30% contrast. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

7. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Noise limited Basler images with near IR response, same outfit as in Fig. 17, with a 16% contrast. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

8. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. New model using γ=330 and β=4.9. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

9. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Equivalent older model, best fit with β equal to zero, a clear trend between the different luminance cases can be seen. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

10. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Best fit with photon noise filtered by the channel MTF in the new model’s noise pathway. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

11. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Measured versus model with lowpass noise at ξ=0.1 ∼ /mrad. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

12. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Measured versus model with lowpass noise at ξ=0.2 ∼ /mrad. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

13. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Measured versus model with lowpass noise at ξ=0.4 ∼ /mrad. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

14. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Measured versus model with lowpass noise at ξ=0.8 ∼ /mrad. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

15. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Measured versus model varying frame rate at ξ=0.2 ∼ /mrad. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

16. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Measured versus model varying frame rate at ξ=0.4 ∼ /mrad. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

17. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Measured versus model varying number of eyes at ξ=0.2 ∼ /mrad. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

18. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Measured versus model varying number of eyes at ξ=0.4 ∼ /mrad. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

19. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Validation results with new noise model (γ=240 and β=4.9) using the 16% measured contrast value from the tested CCD images. The model is pessimistic with a RMSE of 23%. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

20. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Validation results with new noise model (γ=240 and β=4.9) using a 30% measured contrast value. The model provides a much better fit to the results with a RMSE of 9.9%. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712

21. Date of download: 5/28/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Validation results with the previous noise model using a 30% measured contrast value. The results show the same trend seen in Fig. 5 with a RMSE of 18.9%. Figure Legend: From: Human vision noise model validation for the U.S. Army sensor performance metric Opt. Eng. 2014;53(6):061712. doi:10.1117/1.OE.53.6.061712