1. Learning Target 4e How did the reforms of the Progressive Movement change the United States? 4e How did the reforms of the Progressive Movement change the United States?

2. The Temperance Movement

3. Disc 1 0:27-2:30 (2 min 3 sec) Disc 1 Disc 1 0:27 – 2:30 (2 min 3 sec) 0:27 – 2:30 (2 min 3 sec)

4. “Daddy’s in there, and our shoes, stockings, clothes and food are in there too, and they’ll never come out.” In 1913 the city of Chicago had 5,200 grocery stores, but more than 8,300 places to buy liquor. The story was the same in almost every other U.S. city. In dark, smoke- filled saloons, weary men drank away their sorrows, often spending most of their weekly pay. American women, forced to feed their hungry children with little money, were angry. They began meeting in churches and community centers to fight the problem.

5. You Tube – Temperance Movement 1:30 You Tube – Temperance Movement 1:30

6. Ban the Booze! The Temperance Movement began in the late 1800’s to oppose the making and drinking of alcohol. Leading the movement were many of the women who bore the burdens of sheltering their families. As their protests grew, newspapers began writing about an issue that was seen as a moral disgrace to the nation.

7. Temperance (temp-rince): Drinking or eating in moderation. Words to Know

8. What was the Temperance Movement? Temperance Movement – wanted to limit or ban the use of alcohol. Thought drinking was a serious threat to family life. Temperance Movement – wanted to limit or ban the use of alcohol. Thought drinking was a serious threat to family life. Mostly Protestants Mostly Protestants Associated drinking with Irish Catholics Associated drinking with Irish Catholics

9. Disc 1 12:55-16:30 (3 min 35 sec) Disc 1 Disc 1 12:55 – 16:30 (3 min 35 sec) 12:55 – 16:30 (3 min 35 sec)

10. Finally, in 1919, the government stepped in and passed the 18 th Amendment to the Constitution that became known as Prohibition. Making, selling, and transporting alcohol was now against the law. In this 1920’s photograph, federal agents pour confiscated alcohol down a sewer. The Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution prohibited the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol.

11. Prohibition (pro-uh-bish-in): A law that stopped the making, selling, and transporting of alcoholic beverages. Words to Know Still, people figured out ways to keep drinking.

12. Today the conflict between “dry” and “wet” Americans seems ridiculous, a tale from ancient history. But America’s epic battle over alcohol was one of the issues that divided our nation just like slavery and segregation.

13. The American Temperance Movement is as old as America itself, but it became a political force in the mid- 1800’s, fueled by bias against immigrants like the Irish who were stereotyped as alcoholics. After the Civil War two powerful groups emerged to fight the battle against alcohol – the Prohibition Party and the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).

14. The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WTCU) most famous member was Carry Nation, a Kansas ministers wife, who led bands of women into saloons, where they sang hymns to patrons and greeted bartenders with a cheery “Good morning, destroyer of men’s souls!” When her efforts failed to dry out Kansas, Nation prayed to God for direction and was awakened by a heavenly voice saying, “Go to Kiowa.” Carry Nation, a ministers wife, was an imposing woman who stood over 6 feet tall and wielded a hatchet in one hand and a Bible in the other. Nation wreaked havoc on saloons and their patrons and referred to herself as a “bulldog running along at the feet of Jesus, barking at what He doesn’t like.”

15. Nation went to Kiowa, Colorado, where she invaded three saloons, smashing the liquor bottles with rocks. Later, she replaced the rocks with a hatchet and became famous for traveling across America, smashing up saloons with her trade mark wrecking tool. Arrested dozens of times, she paid her fines with money raised by selling little souvenir hatchets.

16. Disc 1 Disc 1 47:17 – 54:80 (8 min 13 sec) 47:17 – 54:80 (8 min 13 sec)

17. It wasn’t the antics of Carry Nation who won the fight for Prohibition, it was the political prowess of the Anti-Saloon League that strong-armed government officials. Founded in 1895, the Anti-Saloon League worked through churches to raise money, and endorse candidates to lobby for laws banning liquor in many towns and counties throughout the United States.

18. You tube PBS Carrie Nation: Early Prohibition pioneer You tube PBS Carrie Nation: Early Prohibition pioneer

19. 18 th amendment The 18 th Amendment was adopted on January 16 th 1919 and banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States.

20. Disc 2: Boom Prohibition 33:07-35:00 (1 min 53 sec) America the Story of Us

21. Unfortunately, it did not work out the way Billy Sunday predicted. Prohibition not only failed to get rid of the slums and prisons, it did not even stop drinking, in fact, drinking now took on the thrill of being a forbidden. Booze was smuggled into the country on ships nicknamed “rumrunners,” cooked up in illegal distilleries and breweries, and even bathtubs, to eager customers in secret saloons called speakeasies.

22. New York City, which had 15,000 legal saloons before Prohibition, soon had 32,000 speakeasies. Prohibition made selling booze a crime, which naturally attracted criminals to the business. Gangsters battled for control of the liquor trade, and the winners became big businessmen, millionaires with political power. The most famous was Al Capone, who survived a gang war to become the most powerful man in Chicago In 1927 alone, Capone made over $60 million in bootlegged liquor. Capone and mobsters like him used violence to take control of the market in illegal alcohol. In 1931, a federal court convicted him of income tax evasion and sent him to prison.

23. Disc 2 2:53-5:36 (2 min 43 sec) Disc 2 Disc 2 2:53 – 5:36 (2 min 43 sec) 2:53 – 5:36 (2 min 43 sec)

24. Propelled by overwhelming public opinion against Prohibition, (the 21 st Amendment was passed repealing the law), and celebrations broke out across America. “Downtown bars were lined five and six deep”, the Chicago Tribune reported the next day. Repealed (ree-peeld): Canceling a law.

25. Repealed (ree-peeld): Canceling a law. Words to Know

26. Which group of people were leading the Temperance Movement? Why were they so angry? What were they opposed to? American women led the fight to get rid of alcohol because it led to crime, abuse, and men neglecting their families.

27. Specifically what was prohibited with the passage of the 18 th Amendment? The manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.