1. USING HDPE IN HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING Richard G. Kraft – VP Sales Marketing Endot Industries, Inc. December 15, 2010

2. It is not a definition of conduit, water pipe or any other type of pipe What is HDPE HDPE is a type of Plastic

3. PE – Chemical abbreviation for Polyethylene One of the least expensive plastics Almost Chemically Inert No Know glue will stick to it High ductility Never brittle if quality material

4. HD = High Density There are also Medium Density (MDPE) & Low Density (LDPE) PE products available’ Density is a indication of flexibility and strength. More Flexible also means Less Strong.

5. HDPE is the product of choice for many piping applications HDPE offers Long term Durability - up to 100 years using PE4710 resin Strength to handle pressure both internal and external. Flexibility – Bends around object in the pipe line path thus eliminates Joints.

6. HDPE Pipe Applications Water Pipe Pressure rated to over 300 psi Will outlast copper in “hot” soil Sewer Pipe Takes advantage of Chemical Inert property as well as Pressure rated

7. Natural Gas & Propane Gas Pipe 95% of the natural gas distribution lines in the USA are HDPE or MDPE Most Propane Gas Lines are HDPE or MDPE Well suited for gas: Exceptionally long life Chemically Inert High Ductility

8. Telecommunications Conduit – non-pressure rated and often lower tensile yield material. Electrical Conduit – Usually the same material as Telecom Conduit. HDPE has a very high dielectric strength – it does not conduct electricity.

9. Geothermal Pipe: Most installations are not Directionally Drilled In areas with large open spaces where horizontal installations are used HDD is becoming more common

11. Properties of HDPE for Water Pipe, Sewer Pipe, Geothermal Pipe and Gas Pipe: Resin Properties Melt Index (I2) @190°C/2.16 kg, g/10 min ASTM D 1238 0.08 Flow Rate (I21) @190°C/21.60 kg, g/10 min ASTM D 1238 7.0 Density (natural resin), g/cc ASTM D 792 0.949 Density(2), g/cc ASTM D 792 0.959 Thermal Stability, °F (°C) ASTM D 3350 >428 (>220) Mechanical Properties(4) Tensile Strength at Yield, psi (MPa) ASTM D 638 3600 (24.8) Elongation at Break, % ASTM D 638 740 Flexural Modulus, psi (MPa) ASTM D 790, method 1, 150,000 (1034) procedure B Notched Izod Impact @ 23°C, ft � lbf/in. (J/m) ASTM D 256, method A 9.1 (488) Brittleness Temperature, °F (°C) ASTM D 746, procedure A <-103 (<-75) Slow Crack Growth PENT, hours ASTM F 1473 >10,000 Cell ClassificationASTM D3350 445574C Pipe Properties(2) Hydrostatic Strength @ 20°C/ 1798 psi (12.4 Mpa), hr. ASTM 1598 >100 Hydrostatic Strength @ 80°C/ 798 psi (5.5 Mpa), hr. ASTM 1598 >1000 Resistance to Rapid Crack Propagation(5), Pc, psi (bar) SO 13477 >174 (>12) Resistance to Rapid Crack Propagation(5), Tc, °F (°C) ISO 13477 <2 (<-17)

12. Types of HDPE for Water, Sewer, Gas & Geothermal PE 2406 - MDPE PE 2708 – MDPE – Newer Designation for 2406 PE 3408 - HDPE PE 3608 – HDPE – Newer Designation for 3408 PE 4710 – HDPE – New to USA - High Performance Material (used in Europe for over 30 years) also called PE-100

13. Properties of HDPE for Conduit: MINIMUM SPECIFICATION APPLICABLE STANDARDS MATERIALS - PER CONDUIT STANDARD ASTM F2160 ASTM Test MethodProperty Typical Values ASTM D 4883Density0.946 g/cc ASTM D 1238Melt Index0.25 g/10 min ASTM D 638Tensile Strength @ Yield3500 psi ASTM D 638Elongation @ Break> 800 % ASTM D 790Flexural Modulus120,000 psi ASTM D 2240Hardness (Shore D)68 ASTM D 648Deflection Temperature @ 66 psi156 o F ASTM D 1693Environmental Stress Crack Resistance Condition B> 1000 hrs. ASTM D 746Brittleness Temp> - 180 o F ASTM D 3895 Modified OIT @ 200 o C>20 min. ASTM D 3350Cell Classification335440A

14. Standards & Certifications In Water and Sewer – Utilize a product with NSF Certification Third Party Certification Safe for Potable Water use Meets ASTM Standards as advertised Meets Pressure Rating advertised What is AWWA ? A self certifying standard. A very good standard, but no third party assurance of quality.

15. Standards & Certifications Gas Pipe – Currently no Third Party Certification for gas pipe Ask producer what gas utilities purchase their products. This is a good sign of quality products.

16. Standards & Certifications Telecommunications & Electrical Conduit No Third Party Certification for Telecom UL 651 is a Third Party Certification for Electrical Conduit Do your own research. TOO often price drives this market Lower prices often mean lower quality.

17. What Happens When You chose The Wrong Product? Ovalization Stretching and Necking Down Possible Break of the Pipe

18. So What HDPE product do you use? It Depends on the Application

19. For Water – Sewer – Geothermal The End User Usually Specifies It will be a PE 4710 or PE 3608 material With a Specified Pressure Rating or SDR

20. For Gas There are two consideration: 1)HDPE or MDPE? - What is approved by the Local Utility ? 2)What Size? - What BTU requirement does the Equipment you are connecting Require?

21. So What HDPE product do you use? High PE Tensile = Higher Pipe Tensile Thicker Walls = Higher Pipe Tensile Thicker Walls = Less likely to have reduced Strength due to Scratching in HDD placement Typical PE Tensile Strength @ Yield is 3500 psi Caution: PE Tensile Yield Declines as Temperature Rises

22. Adjust for Temperature PE is a Thermo Plastic - The hotter it gets the softer it gets. TENSILE YIELD STRENGTHS Adjusted for Temperature Temperature (F)PE3408 73 3,500 psi 100 2,800 psi 120 2,300 psi 140 1,800 psi

23. MINIMUM BENDING RADIUS DR Ratio Minimum Radius Factor 32.5 40 26 36 21 32 17 26 15.5 24 11 or lower 20 Diameter x MRF = inches bend radius required 1.315” x 20 = 26.3” (2.19 ft.) 4.50 x 20 = 90” (7.5 ft.)

24. SDR Another Way to Look at Tensile Strength SDR = Standard Dimension Ratio Controlling Dimension divided by Wall Thickness The Larger the Number the Thinner the Wall 4” SDR 11 = OD of 4.5” & Wall of 0.409” = 7200 psi 4” SDR 13.5 = OD of 4.5” & Wall of 0.333” = 6000 psi 4” Schd 80 = OD of 4.5” & Wall of.337” = 6000 psi 4” Schd 40 = OD of 4.5” & Wall of.237” = 4300 psi Less Wall = Less Tensile Strength

25. Table 5 From Chapter 12 of the PPI – PE Handbook Horizontal Directional Drilling Lbs. Force Allowed on Pull Back IPS SizeNom. ODSDR 9SDR 11SDR 13.5SDR 17 1.251.66983823683551 1.51.912881078895722 22.3752013168413981128 33.54371365830352450 44.57226604650184050 66.6251566113105108768779 88.62526544222121843414880 1010.7541235345052863623115 1212.7558006485384028232516 14 69937585224856839204 16 91347764376343551205 18 115611967418028564806 20 1427291194339911880008 22 17270314451411993296809 24 205530171983142729115211 26 241213201841167509135213 28 279750234088194271156815 30 321141268724223015180017

26. Tools to Assist in Selecting the Correct Pipe Web Information: www.plasticpipe.org - PPI – Plastic Pipe Institute – www.plasticpipe.org PE Handbook Chapter 12 - HDD Bore Aid - http://ppi.boreaid.com/http://ppi.boreaid.com/ Simplified Pipe Calculations for HDD PPI TR-46 - Guidelines for Use of Mini-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of High Density Polyethylene Pipe www.boreaid.com – A very detailed calculator for Pipe Selection www.boreaid.com Requires a paid Subscription to Use

27. Quick and Easy HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING (HDD) PIPE CALCULATIONS PPI.BOREAID.COM

28. A web and desktop tool that: Completes preliminary Horizontal Directional Drilling pipe calculations in accordance with Chapter 12 of the PPI Handbook and ASTM F1962

29. Online (webtool) available at: PPI.BOREAID.COM Easy and quick to use Guides users through the pipe design process Provides a Preliminary Analysis of PE pipe Suitability for HDD Projects Helps to ensure that successful HDD projects are completed with PE pipes

30.  PPI.BOREAID.COM PPI.BOREAID.COM  This tool is geared to higher end Pressure Pipe products.  If you use this tool for conduit installations be conservative and use the PE2708 resin (vs. PE4710 or PE3608) to compensate for lower tensile yield resin.

31.  PPI.BOREAID.COM PPI.BOREAID.COM  Link will be available for free use and download in late 2010 http://ppi.boreaid.com/  Paper on this new tool has been accepted for presentation at NoDig 2011 in Washington DC

34. Failed analysis highlighted

35. When In Doubt!  Chose a Low SDR (11 or 9)  For Water or Sewer Chose a Higher pressure rating than you need. Higher pressure = thicker walls.  For Gas Chose a lower SDR than is called for (9 vs. 11)  For Conduit Chose  a Lower SDR  A Larger vs. a Smaller ID When pulling cables into a Directionally Drilled Conduit a larger conduit offers lower friction than a smaller conduit. Never less than 1-1/2”.

36. When you are Finished  Leave Extra Pipe Sticking out of the Ground  HDPE is elastic – It will stretch during a pull and will contract when left to relax.  HDPE shrinks as it gets colder  If you don’t pay attention to this – The next morning you may not have any pipe showing above ground.

37. Questions?

38. Thank you for your attention this afternoon. If you have any questions after you leave feel free to contact me. rkraft@endot.com Office – 800-44ENDOT (800-443-6368)