1. Brunei Cambodia East Timor Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

2. Indonesia – nation made up of 14,000 islands. Some of the larger ones are Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, Celebes, and New Guinea.

3. East Timor became independent in 2002 it is the newest country in the world. The East Timorese people wanted independence because they were a Roman Catholic minority in Indonesia which is Muslim and the East Timorese were discriminated against. The struggle for independence took 25 years and 100,000 people died. Bishop Carlos Belo. Xanana Gusmao - 1 st president.

4. Indochina Peninsula – a peninsula that contains Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. This area was once controlled by France. From 1975 – 1979 – 38% of the population died as a result of starvation, torture, and execution by the Khmer Rouge.

5. Borneo – An island in Southeast Asia that has part or all of the countries of Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

6. ASEAN – Association of Southeast Asian Nations – member nations share in cultural and economic matters. Buffer State – a neutral territory between two rival powers. Formally known as Burma. It was a British colony.

7. dzong – a fortified monastery of Bhutan, South Asia wat – a temple in Southeast Asia. :Laos is rural. Rainforest is a major resource. 980-1220 Angkor Wat

8. Malay Peninsula – Peninsula in Southeast Asia that contains a small part of Singapore, Malaysia, and up to Thailand. Includes the Isthmus of Kra. longhouse – large, elevated building where members of several related families live together (especially in Malaysia and Indonesia). Petronas Towers

9. free port – a port city where goods can be unloaded, stored, and reshipped without payment of import taxes Singapore – Country that is 100% Urban. It is located at the tip of the Malay Peninsula. It is a free port. A center for world trade and is a strong economic force.

10. Countries that are archipelagoes – Indonesia, Philippines, Japan. archipelago – a chain of islands.

11. Mekong Delta – Delta of the Mekong River is a rich, fertile delta in Vietnam that is a major agricultural area. The Vietnam War began when the former French controlled country of Indochina was separated into communist and non- communist areas. US wanted to stop the spread of communism and supported South Vietnam. The war was unpopular at home, and the US pulled out of Vietnam in 1973. 58,000 deaths 350,000 casualties

12. Countries in the region need to industrialize. There is a need for sustainable development. It is hard for the countries to balance industrialization and protecting the environment. It is hard to enforce the laws against poaching and logging. Soil erosion and deforestation are also serious environmental issues.

13. Tropical Rainforest – dense trees, bushes, and vegetation. Tropical Savanna – grass lands. Humid Subtropical – terrace farming, rice farming.

14. What is happening to the forests in Nepal, Malaysia, & Indonesia? =Deforestation What do the hillsides look like in Vietnam & Thailand? =Hills cut into type of farm called “terraced farming” (looks like stairs or terraces) What are some major transportation routes? =railroads & rivers used with increasing pollution problems

15. Early cultures developed in Southeast Asia because of the extensive maritime trade. The early kingdoms were seafaring. Stories and literature has been passed down over the centuries through oral telling of folktales and legends. Europeans including Dutch, French, British, Spanish, and Portuguese colonized the region. Thailand remained an independent kingdom known as Siam. Burma was ruled by Britain and later became Myanmar. US won the Philippines in the Spanish – American War. Colonies were granted independence in 1960-70’s.

16. The Vietnam War began when the former French controlled country of Indochina was separated into communist and non-communist areas. US wanted to stop the spread of communism and supported South Vietnam. The war was unpopular at home, and the US pulled out of Vietnam in 1973.

17. Shinto – 4 Affirmations, official religion of Japan. The group is more important than the individual. Confucianism – Based on the teachings of Kung Futzu (Confucius), The Analects are important writings, the 4 life passages – birth, maturity, marriage, death. Taoism – Become one with the Tao, practice meditation – Tai Chi, Ying-yang is a symbol for the religion – for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction to every event.