1. Homework due next lesson: “The Role of Trotsky and the Red Army” STARTER – SHARE YOUR IMAGES WITH ONE ANOTHER Read WJEC book page 86 – take notes on Trotsky’s role during the Civil War Use your notes and knowledge to find four images from the internet that you could use to illustrate what Trotsky’s role was during the Civil War. Objective: to explain the relative strengths of the Reds and Whites during the Civil war, and to identify factors why the Communists won.

2. The Reds Through harsh discipline and brilliant leadership, Trotsky ensured his Red Army were ruthless and determined. Did you know that he used former Tsarist officers, and kept their families hostage so their loyalty was assured! Trotsky’s war train gave him the mobility to issue orders in person, rally the troops and deliver essential supplies. Red Terror [Cheka] ensured the population was kept under strict control. In 1918-9 alone there was nearly 8,000 recorded executions; the vast majority for counter- revolution. By seizing food from the peasants and by rationing supplies the Bolsheviks ensured the towns and armies were fed. They also kept control of the railways. Keeping control of Moscow [hub of railway network] and Petrograd also ensured that the army continued to be supplied with equipment and ammunition. Effective propaganda [posters of whites taking land, controlled by foreign forces etc and the wonderful new society the Reds promised] also kept the people aware of the atrocities committed by the whites and raised fears about the possible return of the Tsar and landlords. Enhance your fact file from last lesson on the Reds!

3. The Whites As well as a lack of unity, the Whites were also guilty of atrocities, the Whites in general caused more suffering to the peasants than the Reds. “The Civil War, 1918-1920, was a time of great chaos and estimates of Cheka executions vary from twelve to fifty thousands. But even the highest figure does not compare to the ferocity of the White Terror... For instance, in Finland alone, the number of workers executed by the Whites approaches 100,000.” R Appignanesi, Lenin for Beginners, 1977 Objective: to explain the relative strengths of the Reds and Whites during the Civil war, and to identify factors why the Communists won. Enhance your fact file from last lesson on the Whites!

4. What was the role of Trotsky and the Red Army in the Civil War? Using your homework, fact-file, and page 65-66, explain: 1) Why Trotsky’s role in the Civil War was so important. 2) What were the weaknesses of the Red Army (page 66) Stretch and Challenge: Complete Tasks #2 and 3 on page 66 Objective: to explain the relative strengths of the Reds and Whites during the Civil war, and to identify factors why the Communists won.

5. Homework due: Wednesday, November 25 th Answer the following exam-style questions for assessment (look at the following two slides for guidance on answering these types of questions!) 1) How successful was Trotsky in his attempts to reform the Red Army (8 Mark Question) – Remember this type of question asks you to consider his aims / short & long term success, etc. 2) Describe what happened to the Romanov royal family in July 1918 (4 Mark Question) – We will look at this event next lesson! – Know date / place / time / why murdered!

6. How to answer a “Describe question” – 4 marks Question 2(a) – Deployment of knowledge of an historical event (4 marks) [12 X answer lines] This question is purely about own knowledge. Describe some historical feature. Describe what happened to the Romanov royal family in July 1918

7. How to answer an “Evaluation of an historical concept” Question – 8 marks Question 2(c) - Evaluation of an historical concept including cause / consequence / change / importance / significance (8 marks) [24 X answer lines] -question phrased to allow candidates to reach a judgement about a key historical concept such as the importance or significance or success of an individual or policy -The answer to this type of question must focus sharply on the issue named in the question Examples of Unit 2 Question 2(c) C) How successful was Trotsky in his attempts to reform the Red Army C) How successful was the policy of War Communism?