1. “Necessity is the mother of invention”. Comment on the following quotation :

2. { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 /b ʌ lb/ ˈ maɪkrəuweɪv ] ˈʌ vn/ [ ˈkɛtl ] [ ˈwɔʃɪŋ ] [ məˈʃiːn ] /fr ɪ d ʒ / [ ˈɪntənɛt ] [ ˈvækjum ˈ kli ː nə] / ˈ tel ɪ fə ʊ n/ /k ɑː / [ ˈməubaɪl fə ʊ n] / ˈ re ɪ d ɪ ə ʊ / /kəm ˈ pju ː tə/

3. Finish the sentences explaining why this or that device is useful. Use the example: I think that fridge is the most useful because it keeps our food fresh and eatable. a light bulbto keep our clothes clean a telephoneto communicate with people without wires being at any place a computerto keep our flats and houses clean a washing machineto give light a carto hit water very quickly without fire a microwave ovento get different kinds of information, to communicate with people a vacuum cleanerto get different kinds of information an electric kettleto get somewhere as quickly as possible a radioto communicate with people a mobile phoneto listen to news, music,etc. not only at home but while travelling somewhere the Internetto prepare our food very quickly

4. Thomas Edison 1847-1931

5. Thomas Alva Edison was born on February 11,1847 in Milan, Ohio. With only 3 months of formal education he became one of the greatest inventors and industrial leaders in history. Edison obtained 1,093 United States patents, the most issued to any individual. Edison’s greatest contribution was the first practical electric lighting.

6. To say that Thomas Edison invented the light bulb is both a huge overstatement and a huge understatement all at the same time. A more accurate view is that he perfected a practical light bulb and that his real aim and achievement was the invention of an electrical system to produce and distribute electrical power.

7. In 1878 the best source of lighting was gas. When gas burned it created soot. It degraded the air quality by emitting soot and depleting oxygen.

8.  When Edison started working on the light bulb the best dynamo around produced electricity at only 40% efficiency. He developed one that was 82% efficient.  By September of 1882 he had opened a central station on Pearl Street in Manhattan and was eventually supplying electricity to a one mile square section of New York.

9. Thomas Edison is 22 years old. At this age he obtained his first patent.

10. Edison’s light bulb

12. Electricity (1832) Michael Faraday (England) and Joseph Henry (US) both built models of electricity generators. Nikola Tesla developed the first AC electricity generator in 1892

13. Camera (1839) Louis Daguerre a French innovator spent many years developing the process of photography. In 1839, he made the first camera which enable a permanent photograph to be taken. In 1889, George Eastman invented the flexible role of film which enabled photography to be much more practical.

14. Computer (1940-45) Charles Babbage was considered the father of computers for his work on mechanical computation devices. But, it was only in the 1940s that the first electronic computers were produced. For example, Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper developed the Harvard Mark I computer in 1944.

15. Email (1971) Ray Tomlinson (US) developed the first electronic communication message. The email was sent between two computers on the same network.

16. Internet (1982) The first internet protocol was established in 1982. In 1995, the internet was de commercialised. In 1990, Tim Berners- Leedeveloped the World Wide Web the first internet web browser.

18. One hundred years ago did people… 1. Drive cars? 2.Ride bicycles? 3. Watch TV? 4. Take photographs? 5. Travel by train? 6. Use compact discs? 7. Fly by helicopters? 8. Make telephone calls? Yes. 1886 Yes. 1865 No. 1926 Yes. 1826 Yes. 1829 No. 1979 No. 1939 Yes. 1875

19. 1847- 24 - 1876 - 29 - 1922 - He died in 1922 Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He moved to Boston at the age 24 and founded the school for deaf mutes. In 1876 at the age 29 he received a patent for a device with the transmitter and receiver.

22. The first flight America The first popular car Lego building bricks The first Walkman and portable disc player by Columbus by Karl Benz by the Japanese company Sony by the Wright brothers by the Christiansen family in Denmark Past Passive : be + Past Participle Use the verbs from the box and match each invention with their inventor. Write the sentences as in the example Make, discover, design, create, invent. Ex: The first flight was made by the Wright brothers.