 Large, usually chainlike molecules that are built from small molecules called monomers.  Form the basis for synthetic fibers, rubbers and plastics.

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Presentation on theme: " Large, usually chainlike molecules that are built from small molecules called monomers.  Form the basis for synthetic fibers, rubbers and plastics."— Presentation transcript:

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2  Large, usually chainlike molecules that are built from small molecules called monomers.  Form the basis for synthetic fibers, rubbers and plastics  50% of the industrial chemist in the U.S. work in some area of polymer chemistry

3  The simplest and one of the best-known polymers is polyethylene  It is constructed from ethylene monomers  Its tough, flexible plastic  Used for piping, bottles, electrical insulation, packaging films, garbage bags…

4 Butadiene and Styrene See aboveStyrene- butadiene rubber Synthetic rubber NameFormulaNameFormulauses Ethylenepolyethylene Plastic piping, bottles, electrical insulation, toys Propylenepolypropylene Film for packaging, carpets, lab wares, toys Vinyl ChloridePolyvinyl chloride Piping, siding, floor, tile, clothing, toys AcrylonitrilePolyacrylonitril e Carpets, fabrics Tetrafluoro- ethylene Teflon Cooking utensils, electrical insulation, bearings StyrenePolystyrene Containers, thermal insulation, toys butadienePolybutadiene Tire tread, coating resin

5  Inert, tough, nonflammable material  Used for electrical insulation, nonstick coatings on cooking utensils, and bearings for low- temperature applications.

6  An addition polymer is a polymer which is formed by an addition reaction, where many monomers bond together via rearrangement of bonds without the loss of any atom or molecule.addition reaction monomers

7  Monomers simply “add together” to produce the polymer  No other products are formed  Initiated by a free radical(a species with an unpaired electron)  Free radical attacks and breaks the ∏ bond of an ethylene molecule to form a new free radical

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9  Repetition of this process thousands of times creates a long-chain polymer…..

10  Condensation polymers are any kind of polymers formed through a condensation reaction--where molecules join together--losing small molecules as by-products such as water or methanol, as opposed to addition polymers which involve the reaction of unsaturated monomers.

11  Most familiar polymer produced by condensation

12  Industrially produced chemical substances consisting of a number of molecules linked together with covalent bonds. Examples include plastics, synthetic fibers such as synthetic rubber.moleculescovalent bonds

13  Proteins!!!!  Make up 15% of our body!!!  Provide structural integrity and strength  form types of tissue and are the main component of muscle, hair, and cartilage

14  Building blocks of all proteins are the amino acids….  Called amino acids because the amino group (- NH2) is always attached to the carbon.

15  anything plastic  proteins, such as hair, nails, tortoise shell  cellulose in paper and trees  DNA  silly putty  rubber  And lots lots more!  Once again polymers are just large molecules composed of subunits!

16  Every day, a person comes into contact with dozens, if not hundreds, of plastics and polymers. Consider a day in the life of a hypothetical teenage girl. She gets up in the morning, brushes her teeth with a toothbrush made of nylon, then opens a shower door—which is likely to be plastic rather than glass—and steps into a molded plastic shower or bathtub. When she gets out of the shower, she dries off with a towel containing a polymer such as rayon, perhaps while standing on tile that contains plastics, or polymers.toothbrushmoldedbathtubtoweltile  She puts on makeup (containing polymers) that comes in plastic containers, and later blow-dries her hair with a handheld hair dryer made of insulated plastic. Her clothes, too, are likely to contain synthetic materials made of polymers. When she goes to the kitchen for breakfast, she will almost certainly walk on flooring with a plastic coating. The countertops may be of formica, a condensation polymer, while it is likely that virtually every appliance in the room will contain plastic. If she opens the refrigerator to get out a milk container, it too will be made of plastic, or of paper with a thin plastic coating. Much of the packaging on the food she eats, as well as sandwich bags and containers for storing food, is also made of plastic.dryerformicacondensation polymerappliancerefrigerator  And so it goes throughout the day. The phone she uses to call a friend, the computer she sits at to check her e-mail, and the stereo in her room all contain electrical components housed in plastic. If she goes to the gym, she may work out in Gore-tex, a fabric containing a very thin layer of plastic with billions of tiny pores, so that it lets through water vapor (that is, perspiration) without allowing the passage of liquid water. On the way to the health club, she will ride in a car that contains numerous plastic molds in the steering wheel and dashboard. If she plays a compact disc—itself a thin wafer of plastic coated with metal—she will pull it out of a plastic jewel case. Finally, at night, chances are she will sleep in sheets, and with a pillow, containing synthetic polymers.perspirationdashboardwaferpillow

17  elements  metals  ionic compounds, such as salt

18  The purpose of this experiment is to introduce the concept of polymers.  Polymers, both natural and synthetic, play an integral role in our daily lives. Naturally- occurring polymers include cellulose (mentioned in gun cotton demo), rubber, skin, hair, DNA, etc. There are also many synthetic polymers that have been incorporated into every aspect of our lives, such as nylon, rayon, polyester, plastics, PVC, chewing gum, etc.

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20  “slime” is considered a synthetic polymer  Synthetic polymer’s vary in properties  PVA is an addition polymer and makes up the polymer portion of the chemical reaction. This polymer is built on a carbon-chain backbone, with a –OH group on every other carbon. The abundance of –OH groups along each polymer strand allows it to form hydrogen bonds, which means poly (vinyl alcohol) is very soluble in water. Since the molecules are so large and bulky, the dissolving process is slow. The presence of –OH groups also makes it possible for poly (vinyl alcohol) to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules, such as the borate ion, B(OH)4-. These hydrogen bonds are what give slime its special physical properties. The long, straight strands of poly (vinyl alcohol) begin to twist and turn as hydrogen bonds begin to form between the –OH groups on borate ions and PVA.

21  Test the properties of the “slime”  Can you stretch it if you pull the Slime slowly?  What happens when you pull the Slime hard?  Roll a piece of Slime into a ball and drop it. What happens?  Place a small piece of Slime on the table top. Hit it with your hand. What happens?  Write your name on a piece of paper with a felt-tip pen. Place the Slime on your name, the lift it up. Did anything happen? Can you explain why?

22  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition_polymer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition_polymer  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation_polymer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation_polymer  http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/examples-of-polymers.htm http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/examples-of-polymers.htm  Chemistry, 6 th edition, Zumdahl  http://www.google.com/#hl=en&sclient=psy- ab&q=is+the+gelation+of+polyvinyl+alcohol+with+borax+a+polymerization&oq=is+the+gelation+of +polyvinyl+alcohol+with+borax+a+polymerization&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_l=serp.3...6572.14918.0.152 03.24.24.0.0.0.4.221.3435.0j19j3.22.0...0.0.z7InTKOLiZI&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&fp= f91ecbc096e1e74e&biw=1280&bih=930  http://www.chem.fsu.edu/outreach/slime.php http://www.chem.fsu.edu/outreach/slime.php  http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/content/filerepository/CMP/00/000/531/cce-77.pdf http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/content/filerepository/CMP/00/000/531/cce-77.pdf  http://www.chymist.com/PVA%20Slime.pdf http://www.chymist.com/PVA%20Slime.pdf  http://www.answers.com/topic/polymers http://www.answers.com/topic/polymers

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