1. 1.1 The Study of Life KEY CONCEPT Biology is the study of all forms of life.

2. 1.1 The Study of Life Earth is home to an incredible diversity of life. The biosphere includes all living things and all the places they are found. biosphere = everywhere life exists

3. 1.1 The Study of Life Earth is home to an incredible diversity of life. Every part of the biosphere is connected with every other part. The biosphere includes many environments. –land environments

4. 1.1 The Study of Life The biosphere includes many environments. –saltwater and freshwater environments –portions of the atmosphere Tidepool Estuary

5. 1.1 The Study of Life Why??? Biodiversity is the variety of life in an area Biodiversity is greater closer to the equator.

6. 1.1 The Study of Life Create a list. Identify each item. List all the similarities that you see

7. 1.1 The Study of Life Biology is the scientific study of all forms of life.

8. 1.1 The Study of Life An organism is any individual living thing. –All are made of one or more cells.

9. 1.1 The Study of Life –All need energy for metabolism…what’s this? An organism is any individual living thing that meets these requirements… –All are made of one or more cells. –All respond to their environment. –All have DNA that they pass on to offspring.

10. 1.1 The Study of Life –Members of a species can interbreed to reproduce. –There are about 2 million different living species have been identified. A species is one particular type of organism.

11. 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology KEY CONCEPT Unifying themes connect concepts from many fields of biology.

12. 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology All levels of life have systems of related parts. A system is an organized group of interacting parts.

13. 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Biologists study many different systems.

14. 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Structure and function are related in biology. Structure determines function…..how? –Proteins with different structures perform different functions. –Heart muscle cells have a different structure and function than stomach muscle cells. –Different species have different anatomical structures with different functions.

15. 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Organisms must maintain homeostasis to survive in diverse environments. Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions.

16. 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Evolution accounts for both the diversity and the unity of life.

17. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes KEY CONCEPT Science is a way of thinking, questioning, and gathering evidence What do we call this process? Why do we do it?

18. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Like all science, biology is a process of inquiry. Can you ever be “wrong”??

19. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Background research Question Hypothesis Experiment –Control used as a point of comparison –Variables Data collection Analysis Conclusion Where? What do you want to know? Includes IV, DV, Expectation DETAILED and Objective -How do you know your exp. makes a difference? -One independent only Carefully collected data GRAPHS!! Support or refute hypothesis

20. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes –Independent variables are manipulated (what the scientist changes) –Constants are conditions that are kept the same. Experimental studies allow scientists to determine what causes a phenomenon. –Dependent variables are observed and measured (what’s changing because of the independent variable

21. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes A theory explains a wide range of observations. Theories explain a wide range of observations and experimental results. A theory is supported by a wide range of scientific evidence. Theories can change based on new evidence.

22. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Identifying parts and pieces of experiments Part I: Variables that affect the number of students in TLC: Define the independent variable, dependent variable, and constant

23. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Sue’s Experiment Four groups of identical plants At the same time each day plants are given 500 mL of water Group A- receives no fertilizer Group B- receives 30 ml of fertilizer Group C- receives 60 ml of fertilizer Group D- receives 120 ml of fertilizer What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? What are the constants? What is the control? Write a hypothesis.

24. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Why one independent variable? What affected the growth of the plant? What is the experiment testing? VariablePlant 1Plant 2Plant 3Plant 4 Water per day 200 ml300 ml400ml500 ml Fertilizer per day 20 g 40 g Amt of sunlight (hrs per day) 5 hr6 hr 10 hr Total Growth In cm 50 cm40 cm50 cm

25. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Hypothesis writing: Must Contain IV, DV, expectation IV: amount of food a puppy eats DV: puppy weight Hypothesis: Pam needed a new rain coat. Pam checked to see if type of material changed how much water could be repelled. IV: DV: Hypothesis:

26. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Design an Experiment Put the scientific method to work. PROBLEM: How does water temperature affect the dissolving of Alka Seltzer? What are the variables: –Independent (what is changed)______________________ –Dependent (what is measured) _____________________ What is the hypothesis? How can it be tested? –What materials? –What procedure?

27. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes PRACTICE PRACTICE PRACTICE

28. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Scientific Method: Q 1 What leads a scientist to the appropriate question? a)Observations b)Research c)prior knowledge d)All of the above

29. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Scientific Method: Q 2 What does writing a question help the scientist to do? a)Eliminate a hypothesis b)Focus his hypothesis c)Make a control d)Form a conclusion

30. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Scientific Method: Q 3 Based on the experiments in the HW, which of the following is an hypothesis? a)What is the purpose of dirt? b)The dirt is awesome. c)If the dirt is red then it contains clay. d)The dirt contains clay and silt.

31. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Scientific Method: Q 4 In your opinion, which of the following is most important in an experiment? Write word and explain why a)Defined materials b)Carefully written procedures c)Data collection d)Results

32. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Scientific Method: Q 5 Ms Thib put 3 cups with 100 ml of water on the desk. Cup A was plain water, Cup B had 1 mg of salt, Cup C had 2 mg of salt. What did Ms Thib change within the experiment? a)Number of cups b)Amount of water c)Amount of salt d)Something else

33. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes LAB SAFETY READ LAB SAFETY CONTRACT TOGETHER Why???

34. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Design an Experiment Put the scientific method to work. PROBLEM: What are the variables: –Independent (what is changed)______________________ –Dependent (what is measured) _____________________ What is the hypothesis? How can it be tested? –What materials? –What procedure? Safety Protocols??

35. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Design an experiment Analyze the problem: Hundreds of dead redfish have landed on the banks of Lake ponchartrain. It is unknown how or why they died. –Brainstorm: what affects fish and the lake –Write your question –List and label the variables –Write a hypothesis –Summarize the experiment you would use to test your hypothesis.

36. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Design an experiment Analyze the problem: How does chewing affect gum? –Brainstorm: what affects the gum? What are the ingredients in gum? –Write your question –List and label the variables –Write a hypothesis –Summarize the experiment you would use to test your hypothesis.

37. 1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes END OF CLASS QUESTION What are the variables you will carry out in your experiment tomorrow?