1. Technical Comparison between
Vatech / Sirona / Planmeca / Instrumentarium
RX SOLUCIONES DE IMAGENOLOGÍA S.A. de C.V.
Guadalajara, Jal. MÉXICO
TEL (33) / (33)
@RxDigitalDental

2. 1. Pixel Size and Image Quality
1-1. Factors of effecting Image Quality
Sensor Sensitivity, Sensor Pixel Size, Screen Resolution, Image Processing SW, X-Ray Quality,
Accuracy of Focal Layer, Patient positioning, ect.
1-2. Comparison Chart of Pixel Size
Company
Model
Pixel Size
**Pixel Size
After Binning
Theoretical Line Pair
Sirona
Orthophos XG
28㎛
(?)
Planmeca
Promax
33㎛
Pano 66 / Ceph 99 ㎛
7.6 / 5.05 lp
Instrumentarium
OP200D
48㎛
96 ㎛
5.2 lp
VATECH
PaX-Series
22 / 48㎛
44 / 96 ㎛
11.4 / 5.2 lp
** Pixel Size
After Binning

3. 1-3. If Image Pixel Size is 96㎛, The Resolution is O.K.?
Monitor Resolution
Image Resolution
Normal Monitor : 1024 x 768
Super High Resolution Monitor : 2048 x 1536
2840 x 1536 pixels
- Conclusion
As you see our image resolution, it is more than the resolution of Super High Resolution Monitor.
It means our image resolution is good enough.

4. 1-4. Sensor Structure and Image Quality
1) General Recognition : Small Pixel Size -> Good Sensor -> Good Image ???
2) Structure of Image Sensor Module
X-ray -- CsI (transferring X-ray to Visible Light) -- FOP -- Detector
The important thing in the sensor design is for increasing the
life time of the sensor module and reducing the scattered light
The sensor module which has smaller pixel is not better sensor.
The most important thing is the optimized design for life time of the sensor module and reducing the scattered light.

5. 2. Sensor Resolution 2-1. Line Pair 2-2. Line Phantom
- Unit of sensor resolution : Line Pair Per mm (lp/mm)
- Theoretical formula = 1mm / (2 x Pixel Size)
- e.g. Pixel Size 25㎛: 1000 / (2 x 25) = 20 lp/mm
2-2. Line Phantom
Real Measurement by Line Phantom 구조
Pixel size ( 이미지용 / 센서용)
Resolution
타사에서는 10 ip도 얘기하나 이것은 이론상의 수치. 실직적으로는 최대 5 ip가 최대이다.
실질적은 인트라오랄센서에서 10ip 이상만 되어도 아주 좋은 이미지를 회득할 수 가 있다.
팬텀은 유관상으로 측정해야 되는 것인지 현미경으로 해야 되는 것인지 기준이 정해 진 것은 없다
따라서 업체들이 얘기하는 lp는 자체 기준을 설정 사용
2-3. Difference between theoretical Line Pair and real Line Pair
- The other factors are not perfect : Focal Trough, Scattering, Noise, Image processing, etc.
- Manufacturers do not calculate the effect of Pixel Binning on purpose
- Have no Standard Method to evaluate Line Pair by using Line Phantom
(Under discussion at American Radiology Association)

6. 3. Number of “bit” (Gray scale) and Image Quality
☞ 12 bit (212 = 4,096 ) data provides 16 times higher image quality
than that of 8 bit data(256). A B
1) 16 bit data = Header(4bit) + Tail(12bit)
Header(4 bit): positioning & addressing the data
Tail (12 bit): the data
2) The Resolution of the Monitor
The white-and-black on the monitor is expressed by 8bit apart from the medical monitoring equipment.
Red: 8bit
Green: 8bit > express the white-and-black part
Blue: 8bit A B
Image quality of A is different from that of B in 12 bit data, But same in 8 bit data

7. 4. CCD & CMOS Image Sensor 4-1. Structure CCD Charge Coupled Device
Each pixel can transfer its electric charge to one or other of its neighbors. The last pixel converts the accumulated electronic charge so that the chip outputs digital bits.
CMOS
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Each pixel has its own charge-to-voltage conversion so that the chip outputs digital bits.
Intra oral sensor, CT = CMOS (area sensor)
Panoramic X-ray = CCD (liner sensor)

8. 4-2. Which is better ? CCD or CMOS
“Old-fashioned Issue”
CCD
CMOS
Past
- Particular Process
- High Quality & High Cost
General Process
Noise Problem
Now
Fit to TDI System
(Time Delay Integration)
Fit to Panoramic X-ray
High Quality & Low Cost
(By the advance in technology)
e.g. Canon 12Milion pixels Digital Camera
(No.1 company in digital camera)
- e.g. Schick : Intra-Oral Sensor

9. 5. Wireless Intra Oral Sensor
“ Do you have a plan to release the wireless intra-oral sensor? ”
1) Common Technology
- The wireless communication is already commercialized
- e.g. Mobile, Intra Oral Camera, etc.
2) The Problems & The Issues
- Insufficient Power Supply
Only few shots on full charge (Charge time is around 3 hours)
- Unstable Telecommunication
3) The Failure of Example : “Schick”

10. Micro Electro Mechanical
6. Manufacturing Facilities for Sensor
6-1. Have our own Technology of Sensor Design & Manufacturing
- Semi-conductor Production Technology & Industry of Korea (e.g. Samsung)
- Vatech’s Know-how (located in the Samsung industrial cluster)
6-2. Manufacturing process of sensor & X-ray
Wafer
Die Bonding Machine
Post-processing
Micro Electro Mechanical
System Processing
Tube processing

11. 7. Life time of Sensor
1) Life time (Experimental Data in our R&D Center)
- 40,000 times continuative photographing for Panoramic sensor
- 70,000 times continuative photographing for AnySensor (on going)
2) Term of Guarantee
- Guaranteed for 1 year.
- In case that customer wants longer terms of guarantee, the price condition could be variable.
3) How to operate the sensor for using longer time?
- Prevent from the shock.
- Sensor is designed to withstand high temperature and sudden changed in temperature.
However we strongly recommend to keep our sensor from -5° to 25°.

12. 8. Focal Spot 8-1. Comparison Chart of Focal Spot
VATECH
“S”
“I”
“P”
Tube model
D-051S
SR90/15
D-054S
Maker
Toshiba
OPX (Italy)
Spot Size(mm)
0.35*0.5
0.5*0.5
We use one of the best products from Toshiba which has the highest quality.
8-2. Effect of Small Focal Spot
Focal sopt size는 튜브에 따라 결정되는 요소로 현재 바텍은 도시바의 D-051S를 사용한다.
이것은 아주 작게 될 결우, 이미지 획득을 위한 충분한 X-ray 조사량을 얻지 못하기 때문에 적정 사이즈를 필요로 한다.
이러한 포컬 사이즈는 그 외의 X-ray tube 설계시 적정한 조합이 필요하다
참고로 바텍을 X-ray Generator Design을 자체적으로 하고 있다.

13. 9. Exposure Time 9-1. Comparison Chart of Exposure Time
Panoramic Standard
Cephalometric
sec
kVp / mA
Vatech
12.9 / 9.8
68kVp / 08mA
12.9 / 1.9
72kVp / 08mA
P Co. Ltd
18 / 9~10
68kVp / 12mA
S Co. Ltd
12~16
70kVp / 10mA
I Co. Ltd 14
72kVp / 12mA
시간을 줄임으로써 데이타 량을 적게 받고 이미지 프로세싱을 통해 질을 높였다 => 환자에게는 좋은 효과
피폭량은 스캐닝 타임과 kVp/mA 중요
Ceph: 2.3초는 두개의 센서를 빨리
0.3초는 Orthomaster

14. 10. DC & AC 10-1. What is DC? What is AC 10-2. Merit & Demerit of DC
☞ AC type : Kvp
☞ DC type : Kv
AC, DC
Merit & Demerit of DC
Merit : Stable waveform (stable exposure of X-ray) & Lower noise
- Demerit : High Cost

15. ☞ FM (Frequency Modulation) ; ☞ PWM (Pulse With Modulation) ;
11. FM & PWM
What is FM? What is PWM
☞ FM (Frequency Modulation) ;
Power increasing through
changing the frequency
☞ PWM (Pulse With Modulation) ;
Power increasing through
changing the Pulse Timing
11-2. Technology of PWM
There is no special core technology. The difference is just the electric parts
The price of parts was high, but it is just the same as that of FM parts at the moment

16. 12. How much X-ray patient be exposed
Natural
(1 Day)
Intra Oral
Panorama CT
Amount
6.6 μSv
22 μSv
(3 Film)
26 μSv
50 μSv
Ratio 1
3.33
3.93
7.58
** The source of this information is from “Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety”
Originally, since the amount of X-ray exposure is 4 times as much as natural radioactivity.
Almost no hazard for human body.
질문하는 아그들
>> 그 나라에 바텍 제품을 등록하거나 설치할 때 검사 자료로 사용하기 위해 질문하는 것이다.

17. 13. What is Calibration ? 1) Reason for Sensor calibration
- Every sensor consists of many pixels.
- Each Pixel has different sensitivity against the same X-ray signal.
- If there is no process of calibration, the pixels do not show the same reaction against a certain
X-ray signal.
- In this condition the X-ray image can not be good.
2) What is the process of calibration
- Adjust all the pixels on the sensor to show the same reaction against a certain X-ray signal.
- It needs very special technology of HW & SW.
- Not only in hardware but in SW algorithm is very important.
- Calibration technology is the main factor for qualified image.

18. (Flat-Field Correction) (pre-image porcessing) (post-image processing)
Image Processing Procedure
Offset correction
Gain correction
FFC
(Flat-Field Correction)
Image enhancement
Data gaining
(12bit, raw data)
Pre – image
(pre-image porcessing)
Post - image
(post-image processing)
Final image capture.

19. 14-2. FFC (Flat Field Correction)

20. Pre-post processed Image
Post Image Processing (Image Enhancement)
Sharpen
Pre-post processed Image
Contrast

21. 15. What is PACS
15-1. Diagram of Picture Archiving Communication System

22. 15-2. Do you need PACS ? DICOM Format is supported.
Case 1. So as to install our equipment on the place that PACS is already operating.
Case 2. So as to set up PACS in some place.
DICOM Format is supported.
If PACS was already installed, we can link it with any equipment.

23. 15-3. DICOM (Digital Image Communication on Medicine) Format

24. 16. Data Back up in Digital System
16-1. Is it essential ?
- Data back-up is very important in digital system.
- EasyDent is designed to back up your digital data very easily.
16-2. How to back up the digital data ?
- Back-up media will be changed so fast according to the development of technology
(e.g. Floppy disk)
- In case of CD : possible to use. But, not everlasting
- Able to recommend method : Back up system using exterior type hard disk and raid card
(Mirror식 저장: 이미지를 평상시대로 저장하면 자동으로 PC에 저장되는 데이터와 똑같이
외장형 Hard Disk로도 저장되는 방식으로 번거로움 없음)
(추천 외장형 하드 소개 : 인지도 있는 업체 제품)
Be able to back up all the information without any delay like a mirror

25. 17. Solution for Eliminating blurred image of Incisor
17-1. Cause and Current solution ?
- Cause : Because of spine X-ray signal is too weak to transfer enough signal to the detector
- Current Solutions
Scanning spine, increase the x-ray power or electronic frequency
Scanning spine, decrease the speed of rotator’s movement
 not a good solution
- GAC Technology (New Projection Geometry Avoiding Cervix) will be the real solution
현재 우리는 1번 방식(kvp증가) 이용 -> 몸에 남아있는 잔존량 적다
2번 방식 -> 몸에 남아있는 잔존량 많다
Pax 500부터는 3번 방식 이용

26. 17-2. GAC Technology (New Projection Geometry Avoiding Cervix)
[X-ray ] OFF
[X-ray] ON
spine ON

27. www.rxdigitalschick.com @RxDigitalDental
RX SOLUCIONES DE IMAGENOLOGÍA S.A. de C.V.
Guadalajara, Jal. MÉXICO
TEL (33) / (33)
@RxDigitalDental