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Trends in Wind Energy Past-present-future

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Presentation on theme: "Trends in Wind Energy Past-present-future"— Presentation transcript:

1 Trends in Wind Energy Past-present-future
Walt Musial Manager Offshore Wind and Ocean Power Systems Principal Engineer National Renewable Energy Laboratory Clean Energy Connections Conference & Opportunity Fair: Building on Success Wednesday, November 2, 2011 MassMutual Center, Springfield, MA November 2, 2011 Photo: Baltic I – Wind Plant Germany 2010 Credit: Walt Musial 1

2 University of Massachusetts
William E. Heronemus University of Massachusetts Circa 1973 UMass is a Pioneer of Modern Wind Energy

3 Wind Energy World Wide Installed Capacity (MW) (end of 2008)

4 First Decade of Modern Wind Energy
U.S Discontinues Renewable Energy Incentives in 1985 Foreign Companies Vestas Nordtank Bonus Micon Windmatic Howden WEG Aeroman Nedwind Mitsubishi Period of Irrational Exuberance US Companies US Windpower (KENETECH) Flowind ESI Fayette Enertech Carter Jacobs Dynergy UTRC

5 Vestas V-19 Wind Turbines
Circa 1985 Altamont Pass, CA

6 United Technologies ~50-kW Wind Turbine Circa 1984 Tehachapi, CA

7 Fayette 40-kW Wind Turbines
Altamont Pass, CA Circa 1983

8

9 Carter Wind Turbines San Gorgornio Pass/ Palm Springs 300-kW Circa 1988

10 Windmatic wind turbine
Danish – Circa 1984

11 Upwind or Downwind?

12 Small or Large? Wind Wall in Tehachapi CA -1985
V-90 Turbine – Same Output

13 Lattice or Tube Towers?

14 Vertical Axis or Horizontal Axis?

15 How Many Blades? 2 3 1 5 6 4

16 The Wind Furnace I Story
Professor William E. Heronemus WF-1 Circa 1976 Dr. Woody Stoddard

17 U.S. Windpower 56-100 (KENETECH) Circa 1986 Altamont Pass, CA 4000+ machines installed

18 Energy Sciences Inc ESI-54 80-kW 1983 – Altamont Pass, CA UMass Grad Founders: Sandy Butterfield Jim Sexton

19 The ESI-80 Tale Mount Tom – Holyoke MA Altamont Pass 1984 Present
Credit W. Musial Credit M. Giacopassi

20 UMass ESI–80 Crew (circa 1992)

21 Wind Power Today

22 Land Based Technology Status
Land-based utility technology 1.5 – 3.0 MW Three bladed Upwind horizontal axis configuration 80 – 100 meter tube tower Three stage gearbox; multi-generator; & direct drive designs Full span pitch control Advanced controls systems Variable speed with full electric power conversion GE 1.5-MW 77-m diameter GE 1.5-MW 77-m diameter Vestas V-90 Performance 98% availability 1-MW supports about 300 homes 32% capacity factor Improvements needed in O&M & gearbox reliability Vestas V MW Clipper 2.5 MW Prototype – Medicine Bow WY 93-m diameter Clipper 2.5 MW Prototype – Medicine Bow WY 93-m diameter

23 OFFSHORE WIND

24 Horns Rev Wind Farm Shallow Water

25 Offshore Wind Resource is Near Load Centers
55 million people in NE 18% of US population Highest electricity costs 25

26 National deployment targets in the E. U. , U. S
National deployment targets in the E.U., U.S., and China call for ~86 GW of offshore wind by 2020

27 USDOE Program Goal: 20% Wind Electricity with 54-GW from Offshore
54-GW of Offshore 20% Wind Scenario Actual

28 To date, no offshore wind projects have been installed in the U. S
To date, no offshore wind projects have been installed in the U.S., but several projects are making significant progress Three projects have signed Power Purchase Agreements with utilities EMI and National Grid for 264 MWs of at the Cape Wind project Deepwater Wind and National Grid for 29 MW at the Block Island Wind Farm NRG Bluewater Wind and Delmarva for 200 MWs at Delaware’s Offshore Wind Park

29 Offshore Wind Technology is Depth Dependent

30 Offshore Wind Technology Status
Vestas 2.0 MW Turbine Horns Rev, DK 51 projects, 3,620 MW installed 49 in shallow water <30m 3-5 MW upwind configuration (3.8 MW ave) 80+ meter towers on monopoles Marine technologies for at sea operation. Submarine cable technology Oil and gas experience essential Capacity Factors average 40% Cost and Reliability on early projects have contributed to uncertainty in development. Seimens 2.0 MW Turbines Middlegrunden, DK Gravity Based Foundations in Baltic Nysted

31 Turbine Size Continues To Grow
Source : Jos Beurskens - ECN Netherlands

32 (DC power export technology becomes competitive)
Near-term offshore wind projects will be installed in deeper waters and further from shore Near-shore Far-shore (DC power export technology becomes competitive) Deep Water Transitional Water Shallow Water Installed Project Under Construction Approved Project Bubble size represents project capacity

33 (DC power export technology becomes competitive)
Near-term offshore wind projects will be installed in deeper waters and further from shore Near-shore Far-shore (DC power export technology becomes competitive) Deep Water Transitional Water Shallow Water Installed Project Under Construction Approved Project Bubble size represents project capacity

34 (DC power export technology becomes competitive)
Near-term offshore wind projects will be installed in deeper waters and further from shore Near-shore Far-shore (DC power export technology becomes competitive) Deep Water Transitional Water Shallow Water Installed Project Under Construction Approved Project Bubble size represents project capacity

35 (DC power export technology becomes competitive)
Near-term offshore wind projects will be installed in deeper waters and further from shore Near-shore Far-shore (DC power export technology becomes competitive) Floating Technology Demonstration Projects Deep Water Transitional Water Shallow Water Cape Wind Installed Project Under Construction Approved Project Bubble size represents project capacity

36 Cape Wind 468-MW Wind Plant - Massachusetts
Location: Nantucket Sound, MA Turbine Size/Description: 130 Siemens 3.6 MW wind turbines Expected Deployment Date : 2013 Foundation Type: Monopiles Average distance from shore 9.5 miles Average Water Depth 11-m Expected Energy production 1.5 Billion KWh/yr 75% of electric demand on Cape Cod Approximate Budget: $ 2.6 B USD The Cape Wind project is the first and only offshore wind project to receive a license to begin construction in U.S. federal waters  The project will produce 75% of the electricity for Cape Cod and the Islands.

37 World’s First Floating Wind Turbine
Siemens SWT-2.3 MW Hywind R&D Project developed by StatoilHydro, and Siemens 12 km southeast of Karmøy in Norway SWT MW architecture 82 meter diameter 65 meter tower Spar buoy technology 100 meter draft 202 meter water depth Reference: w1.siemens.com Image Credit: National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

38 Historic Transformative Technologies
Automobiles (1920’s) Television (1950’s) Information Technology (1980’s +) Clean Energy Economy (2010+)

39 Renewable Energy Provides 80% Electricity Under Proactive Deployment Scenario

40 Smart Grid and Load Control Electric Cars and Battery Storage
The next big industrial transformation will change the way that we generate, store, transmit, distribute, and save energy. Renewable Energy Smart Grid and Load Control Electric Cars and Battery Storage Energy Efficiency

41 Thank you for your attention!
Walt Musial UMass Class of ‘80 and ‘83 Manager Offshore Wind and Ocean Power Systems National Renewable Energy Laboratory

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