1. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C CAMISTIC IRAIT Status report at Dome C G. Durand (CEA Saclay), M. Busso (Perugia Univ.), with support of IPEV and PNRA

2. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C

3. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Telescope IRAIT

4. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C

5. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C First light First light with CCD January 2011

6. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Science with the ITM Telescope (Programs for a collaboration?) M. Busso and the IRAIT-AMICA team CONTENT: Status of the project & next actions First programmes: a few examples Collaboration w. OVdA & ideas for a PHD Saclay Meeting Camistic/Amica/ITM Apr 2010 Marseille – September, 2011

7. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C The IRAIT-ITM Collaboration University of Perugia – Department of Physics: Telescope, dome, auxiliary equipment, controls (since 2001) INAF - Team coordinated at the Observatory of Teramo (O. Straniero, M. Dolci, …) for the AMICA camera. (Since 2003: up to 2006 also Observatory of Torino). DFTC (Granada)+IEEC (Barcelona): M2+M3 (C. Abia,...). Moving optics (Maybe a spectrometer in the future) Team at CEA for CAMISTIC (Durand, Lagage, Minier, Tremblin etc…) +cooling system/Shelter heating/mirror defrosting Science-oriented collaborations, regulated by specific “MoA” documents: OAP (Le Bertre, near-IR studies, evolved and forming stars) UNSW in Sydney (Storey, Burton) +OVdA? (Common science interests?) Other ITM collaborations: LUAN-NICE; AIP-Potsdam; University of Torino (A. Ferrari); European network ARENA. Saclay Meeting Camistic/Amica/ITM Apr 2010 AOSTA – August 3, 2011 Marseille – September, 2011

8. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Instruments, tasks & wavelength ranges First Nasmith focus: permanently occupied by the AMICA camera (since 2012) Second Nasmith: at the beginning: CCD (2011-2013) from 2013  CAMISTIC, bolometer for 200 GHz (2yr) Goals when operative: i) Measure the sky brigthness and extinction from optical to far- IR ii) It is important that the first Antarctic IR telescope be able to do real astronomical tasks, producing science soon. Tasks in the first (commissioning) period: 2011-2013: -CCD: sky background and emission, guiding, observations of astron. sources -AMICA (JHKLMNQ + dedicated filters): ‘simple’ but fundamental programs in stellar & ISM physics, which will accompany site testing 2013  Also CAMISTIC: verification of technique, site testing, (Star Formation? Joint Programs?) Saclay Meeting Camistic/Amica/ITM Apr 2010 AOSTA – August 3, 2011 Marseille – September, 2011

9. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C CONCLUSIONS? In the final operational period: Science with IRAIT-ITM will profit in any case of survey mode, but this will have to wait after commissioning. Limited area surveys of AGBs at L, M, (N), Q very competitive (tradeoff between time available and performances) Dedicated surveys of young embedded clusters for studies of Star Formation; searches from Protoplanetary Disks, Brown Dwarfs, all feasible at 3-5  m Exoplanets? Saclay Meeting Camistic/Amica/ITM Apr 2010 AOSTA – August 3, 2011 Marseille – September, 2011

10. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Sattus of AMICA 2 chanels

11. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Amica Optical

12. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Amica Cryo Tets

13. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Tests during winter 2011 IRAIT: –Dome aperture at -65°C –Telescope movements at -65°C AMICA: –Test of the electronic control was performed along the winter Tests to come obtain a CCD image during september 2011

14. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C IRAIT Winter 08 stored at Concordia Summer 08-09 assembly (5 persons 2 month Saclay/Perugia) Summer 09-10Upgrade derotator/ electronic Summer 10-11Preparation until first light CCD Winterisation Dome/motors… Winter 11Check rotation / dome aperture at -65°C Spring 11Observation with CCD at -60°C Summer 11-12Test of Amica near IRAIT Installation and first IR light Winter 2012IR observations Summer 12-13Camistic at focus #2

15. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Satellite communication

16. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C The Bgan remote IP During 2007 Iridium for data (300 o/sec) 2008 Iridium Open Port –Failed (GPS lost) ? –Could not provide remote IP 2009 Bgan –Failed (power supply on antena) 2010 Bgan –Remote access verified. However absence of communication during 12 hours requires local reboot – Since summer 2011, a new firmware to initiate datacommunication with SMS –Speed 450 kbs

17. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C

18. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C ANTISURGE PROTECTION AT ALL INTERFACES - Antenna cable - RJ45 - MAINS

19. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Bgan remote access reliable Cost 8 €/ mbyte 450 kbs Will be used for software upgrade of IRAIT motion control

20. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Temperature gradient

21. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C En hiver la neige émet vers le ciel en IR Refroidissement important de l’air près du sol Fort gradient entre 0 et 30m ; turbulences en vagues Le vent modifie la hauteur de la couche limite

22. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Temperatures 0m 10m 50m 5 Avril 5 Mai -30°C -70°C

23. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C 16 Temperatures 0 to 50 m 1 day

24. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Defrosting

25. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Protection by IR radiation: barre au fond propre Dépôt de neige (duvet) Givrage (cristaux) Souflage d’air sec Infrared protection The frost is sublimated at distance from black body

26. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Cochise winter 2008 images of Lucia Sabbatini At 3m frost builds up below an above all surfaces, even if they are aluminized Only heat may prevent the frost from adherance to surfaces

27. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C

28. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Bilan Miroir horizontal –Le chauffage du miroir à +6°C permet d’empêcher la formation de givre –Ne permet pas de sublimer la totalité de la neige qui tombe –Rend le miroir glissant –Un soufflage violent ou explosif pourrait chasser la neige décollée Miroir incliné –Avec le miroir chauffé la neige tombe par gravité Infra-rouge –Très peu efficace (forte puissance –Permet de dégivrer des formes complexes

29. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Cochise inclined at 45°C Cochise heated all winter +5°C except 20 June- 20 July The snow / frost does not stick to mirror The slope is not enough for snow fall.

30. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C

31. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Heaters on Cochise 2008-2009 With winterover Lucia Sabbatini (Roma3) Tested during 2008: - Mirror heated from the rear Makes the miror slippery To be combined with air gusts - Infrared heating Small efficiency, usefull for uneasy surfaces (M2 assembly) - Dry air from sucked from snow level blown on mirror Little efficiency on Cochise (flow too slow, bad partition)

32. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Advices for defrosting of a large telescope at 30m Visible / IR telescope –Flush dry air from inside a dome towards outside (Pilot proposal) Submillimetre telescope in free air (aluminised pannels connected on a carbon fibre shell) –Flush dry air sucked from snow surface blown between pannels –Make pannels heatable up to 5°C above ambiant temperature. Most of the time to be used below 1°C –Allow bursting air gusts to trigger avalanches.

33. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C The average water vapor and the sky tranparency at 200 350 µm

34. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Atmospheric transmission at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3mm PWV between 0.2 THz (≈3mm to ≈150 μm) atmospheric model MOLIERE.

35. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Data acquisition february 2008- December 2010 Calibration with black bodies placed at 0°, 60°, 90° from vertical outside the window summer 2008-2009 Measurement of transmission using Summit tiper at Dome C

36. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Satellite measurements : IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) Carried by METOP-A satellite, developped by CNES, lauched in 2006 Data are available at the website of the Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry Products and Services5. Polar orbit such that each point on Earth is seen at least once a day by the detector. IASI is a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) working between 3.7 and 15.5 μm. It is associated with an infrared imager, operating between 10.3 and 12.5 μm. Each pixel of the instrument corresponds to a spatial extent of 12 km at nadir, and vertical profiles of humidity at ninety altitude levels are retrieved with a typically 10% accuracy. The amount of precipitable water vapour is given by the integral of these vertical profiles. We took all the measurements in a zone of 110 km2 around Concordia.

37. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C

38. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C

39. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Stabilty within seasons –Absolute signal measured at 2 minutes intervals –Fluctuations during winter 3 times above summer signal –Camistic will sence the displacement of bubles of water vapor Variation of Tau within a day

40. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Conclusions. Dome C is one of the best accessible sites on Earth forsubmillimetre astronomy. Observations at 350 or 450 μm are possible all year round, and the 200-μm window opens long enough and with a sufficient transparency to be useful. Although the polar environment severely constrains hardware design, a permanent observatory with appropriate technical capabilities is feasible. Because of the very good astronomical conditions, high angular resolution and time series (multi-year) observations at Dome C with a medium size single dish telescope would enable unique studies to be conducted, some of which are not otherwise feasible even from space.

41. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Measurement of the sky stability at 200 and 350 µm with Camistic

42. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Vue du petit télescope

43. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Tatarskii model The turbulence is generated on air turbulence by cells of 1 mm A small telescope may discriminate the transmission of atmospheric cylinders of 0.8m diameter Bandwidth of the bolometers is 10 Hz

44. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Goal : Mesure the stability of the background Italian IRAIT 0.8m telescope (Perugia) Bolometric camera CAMISTIC (CEA) 16pix*16 pix on 6’*6’ at 200 µm

45. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Pulse tube PT410 available Saclay (0.8W @ 4K) Cryocooler built by CEA Service des Basses Températures (1.5, 0.3K) –Autonomy tested at Saclay 280mK, 80hours Control, archive and telemetry Detector and electric tested at room Next step test the detector in front of internal black body

46. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C CAMISTIC - 16*16 pixel for 6’*6’ at 200 µm - 0.3K - Daily measurement of background stability Vacuum test was performed tin coated joints in C shape-90°C Fluorosilicone joints inside cryocooler -70°C Polyethylene window-90°C

47. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Camistic : program at Saclay End of assembly Dec 2010 Cryogenic tests 2011 Detecteur testsend 2011 Climate tests at -80°CJun 2012 Expedition to ConcordiaNov 2012

48. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Co-use of energy in the laboratory of astronomy

49. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C Co-use of electric power installed on IRAIT (collaboration CEA-IPEV) The cooling circuit to extract heat from compressors of the cryogenerators was installed. Tested during 2009 on a local loop Will be completed with solar panels and Eutectic fluid for night heating

50. Marseille 14 Sept 2011IRAIT CAMISTIC status report at Dome C