1. Heath vs Wilson Industrial Relations Lesson Objectives 1.To explain why the Conservatives won the 1970 election. 2.To describe and explain the industrial action of the 1970s 3.To explain why there was a Hung Parliament in February 1974 and why Labour won in October 1974. 4.To judge the successes and failures of Heaths government. Conservative Government 1970- 1974

2. Edward ‘Ted’ Heath Aims Biography Beliefs Achievements Failures

3. Lesson Objectives 1.To explain why the Conservatives won the 1970 election. 2.To describe and explain the industrial action of the 1970s 3.To explain why there was a Hung Parliament in February 1974 and why Labour won in October 1974. 4.To judge the successes and failures of Heaths government.

4. Heath vs Wilson SimilaritiesDifferences Harold Wilson and Edward Heath are two very different men equally overlooked by history, but they were the political titans of the era in which Britain changed for ever. For ten years they faced each other in the House of Commons, and swapped in and out of Number Ten. They fought four general elections, three of which were amongst the most exciting of the century. They were deliciously different and scorned one another, yet they were cast from the same mould. Both promised a revolution of meritocracy and dynamism in the British economy and society. Both utterly failed, but together they presided over a decade that redefined the nation: Britain ceased to be a world power and entered Europe; the postwar consensus in which they both believed was destroyed; Thatcherism and New Labour were born. The country they left behind was unrecognisable from the one they had inherited - and the one they had promised.

5. Miners Strikes 1972 1974

6. 1974 Miners Strike CAUSES Throughout mid 1970s the British economy had high rates of inflation. = govt. cap public sector pay rises and publicly promote a clear capped level to the private sector. = unrest among trade unions in that wages did not keep pace with price increases.

7. What happened? Work-to-rule is an industrial action in which employees do no more than the minimum required by the rules of their contract, and follow safety or other regulations precisely in order to cause a slowdown, rather than to serve their purposes. = coal stocks slowly dwindled. (the global effect of the 1973 oil crisis also drove up the price of coal.) = Heath government entered into negotiations with the NUM, to no avail.

8. Emergency measures EMERGENCY MEASURES = reduce electricity consumption, and thus conserve coal stocks, a series of measures were announced on 13 December 1973 by Heath, including the "Three- Day Work Order", more commonly known as the Three-Day Week, which was to come into force at midnight on 31 December. Commercial consumption of electricity would be limited to three consecutive days each week. Designed to be short-term remedial measure to prolong fuel stocks while negotiations took place.

9. How did Heath try to win? Calls a General Election = "Who governs Britain?". The election resulted in the Conservative Party losing its majority while Labour became the party with the most seats (had a plurality) in the House of Commons, without an overall majority (a Hung Parliament). Heath failed to secure sufficient parliamentary support from the Liberal and Ulster Unionist MPs and Harold Wilson returned to power for a short minority government third term and long fourth term by calling a further election in October. The normal working week was restored on 8 March, but other restrictions on the use of electricity remained in force. A second general election was held in October 1974 cementing the Labour administration, which gained a majority of three seats.

10. Lesson Objectives 1.To explain why the Conservatives won the 1970 election. ✓ 2.To describe and explain the industrial action of the 1970s 3.To explain why there was a Hung Parliament in February 1974 and why Labour won in October 1974. 4.To judge the successes and failures of Heaths government.

11. Why did Labour win the 1974 election? Labour had better relations with TUs – people hoped he would be able to break the strike. Series of lucky breaks just before the election: – Helped stop a series of one-days rail strikes – Some poor trade figures arrived – Miners were revealed to be less well paid than ppl thought – Surge in support for the Liberals (stole votes from Tories) – Enoch Powell left Tories and urged his supporters to vote Labour

12. Lesson Objectives 1.To explain why the Conservatives won the 1970 election. ✓ 2.To describe and explain the industrial action of the 1970s ✓ 3.To explain why there was a Hung Parliament in February 1974 and why Labour won in October 1974. 4.To judge the successes and failures of Heaths government.

13. Source Analysis Complete source analysis on page 104.

14. Tasks Question on pg 102 Activity on pg 103 Activity on pg 104 Summary question pg 105

15. Ted Heath SuccessesFailures “Edward Heath promised voters a lot but achieved very little.” Explain why you agree or disagree with this view of Heath’s premiership between 1970 and 1973. HINTS Make a list of his promises and alongside write down whether it was wholly achieved, partly achieved or not achieved. Give some examples (sources 3,6 and 7) Why did he succeed or fail? Conclusion – explanatory overview = if he failed was this because he was fundamentally dishonest or were their other reasons. HINTS Make a list of his promises and alongside write down whether it was wholly achieved, partly achieved or not achieved. Give some examples (sources 3,6 and 7) Why did he succeed or fail? Conclusion – explanatory overview = if he failed was this because he was fundamentally dishonest or were their other reasons.

16. Lesson Objectives 1.To explain why the Conservatives won the 1970 election. ✓ 2.To describe and explain the industrial action of the 1970s ✓ 3.To explain why there was a Hung Parliament in February 1974 and why Labour won in October 1974. ✓ 4.To judge the successes and failures of Heath’s government.