1. Child Sexual Exploitation Kirstie King MSCB Learning and Development Officer

2. Aims and objectives What is meant by child sexual exploitation? Indicators of CSE and the factors that make children vulnerable What to do when you are concerned a child or young person is at risk of CSE

3. Working definitions Sexual abuse involves forcing or enticing a child or young person to take part in sexual activities….may involve physical contact, including assault by penetration (for example, rape or oral sex) or non-penetrative acts such as masturbation, kissing, rubbing and touching outside of clothing. It may also include non- contact activities, such as involving children in looking at, or in the production of, sexual images, watching sexual activities, encouraging children to behave in sexually inappropriate ways, or grooming a child in preparation for abuse (including via the internet)...not solely perpetrated by adult males, (but) also by women and other children. Working Together 2015 (Glossary Section)

4. Working definitions continued… Sexual exploitation ‘The sexual exploitation of children and young people under 18 involves exploitative situations, contexts and relationships where young people (or a third person or persons) receive ‘something’ (e.g. food, accommodation, drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, affection, gifts, money) as a result of them performing, and/or another or others performing on them, sexual activities. (extract) Kent & Medway Safeguarding Children Boards Trafficking is ‘the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of [children and young people]…. for the purpose of sexual or commercial exploitation…’ Abstract from Toolkit

5. Different models of Child Sexual Exploitation Exploitation by family members Exploited by older adults (often the “boyfriend”) Organised exploitation (often by criminal gangs) Peer exploitation Gang exploitation Exploitation via the internet and mobile phones

7. What makes children vulnerable to Child Sexual Exploitation? Isolated from peers/ social networks Family history mental health Family history domestic abuse Inappropriate/ unsuitable accommodation Lack of positive Relationship with Protective adult Breakdown family relationships History of physical /sexual abuse History of emotional neglect Family history substance misuse Homelessness Low self esteem Missing from home and/or school Attachment issues Bereavement/Loss

8. Victim risk indicators Predominantly female - age range -14-15 years (when the child becomes known to services) But vulnerability is from aged 12, before being identified as a victim. –Going missing, running away –Disengaging from education –Indicators of physical abuse- injuries, –Chaotic and sometimes aggressive behaviour –Disruption of previously trusting and positive parental relationship –Looked after children

10. Levels of risk Category 1 (At Risk): a vulnerable child who is at risk of being targeted and groomed for sexual exploitation; Category 2 (Medium Risk): a child who is targeted for opportunistic abuse through the exchange of sex for drugs, accommodation (over night stays) and goods, etc. The likelihood of coercion and control is significant; and Category 3 (High Risk): a child whose sexual exploitation is habitual, often self defined and were coercion / control is implicit.

11. Contacts www.mscb.org.uk –Further learning and training events –Additional procedures and guidance mscb@medway.gov.uk 01634 336329 Children’s advice and duty service 01634 334466