1. 1 英语的语音、语调 北京外国语大学 徐立新 北京外国语大学 徐立新

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3. 3 Consonant clusters Initial sequences play/pry/climb/blow/bread/glass/fly/sky/smoke smile/snow/throw/three/stupid/splendid Final sequences slept/fact/drugged/kept/cups/jobs/eggs/drives fields/jumped/shelves/films/closed/six/booked

4. 4 The GREENS will never agree to that. The Greens will NEVER agree to that. The Greens will never AGREE to that. The Greens will never agree to THAT.

5. 5 Example: coming letter beautiful report myself forget remember explosion modernization Word Stress

6. 6 Sentence stress In a normal English sentence certain words are stressed and certain words are unstressed. Normally stressed are content words. Normally unstressed are form words.

7. 7 Sentence stress Examples: 1. Janet has gone to the Baker ’ s. 2. I saw your brother yesterday. 3. Would you like a glass of beer? 4. I must be going. My wife ’ s waiting for me at the corner of the street.

8. 8 Stress gives a natural rhythm to spoken English. Rhythm

9. 9  occurrence of stressed syllables  at more or less equal intervals  The other syllables reduced or blended to accommodate the regular beat of the stressed syllables

10. 10 English tends to avoid having stresses too close together English stresses tend to recur at regular intervals.

11. 11 Stress patterns 1.Sing a song. 2. I’d love to. 3. I’ve heard of it. 4. I want to know. 5. She asked me to go. 6. I think it will be fine.

12. 12 Example: Go home Going home Going back home Going straight back home Stress timed language

13. 13 Example: A cup of tea John’s at home. A glass of water I can speak English. A block of flats I’d like some potatoes. The book that I want I’ve been to France. Bread and butter We were leaving the house. Weak forms

14. 14 Weak Forms The weak form or forms of a word are used only in unstressed positions. The weak forms of the words are of much more frequent occurrence than their strong forms.

15. 15 And 弱读 bread and butter ladies and gentlemen

16. 16 The average learner uses far too many strong forms; To speak English fluently ， the phenomenon of weak forms must be properly understood and their use acquired

17. 17  'Please ' read it.  ' Please ' keep it a secret.  ' Eve is ' Peter’s niece.  Do you' see the 'green 'leaves of 'each 'tree in the field?  A 'friend indeed is a friend indeed.

18. 18 'See the 'breeze 'Teasing the 'tree, 'Weaving the 'leaves Or 'shaking them 'free.

19. 19 ' Tossing the ' fleece of sheep, that ' keep On peacefully feeding, ' half asleep.

20. 20 Chants  A B C D E F G.  Father, mother and me.  C D E F G A B.  Sing and dance under the tree!

21. 21 A B C, follow me. It's easy as 1 2 3. 1 2 3, A B C. It's easy as you see!

22. 22  A A A, say "OK"!  B B B, touch your knee.  C C C, look and see.  D D D, make a "D".  E E E,drink some tea.  A B C D E, come and follow me.

23. 23 Father and mother, Help each other. Sister and brother, Play together!

24. 24  One finger, one finger, turn, turn, turn.  Turn into a caterpillar, crawl, crawl, crawl.  Two finger, two finger, turn, turn, turn,  Turn into a rabbit, jump, jump, jump.  Three finger, three finger, turn,turn,turn,  Turn into a cat, mieow, mieow, mieow.  Four finger, four finger, turn, turn, turn,  Turn into a butterfly, fly, fly, fly.  Five finger, five finger, turn,turn, turn,  Turn into a tiger, arwo.

25. 25 I have one, you have one, Two little children see a big man. I have two, you have two, Four little children go to school. I have three, you have three, Six little children plant a tree.

26. 26 重音节奏模式、重音模式、节奏 型  o O  I think he knows  we ought  He is.  o O o  I think so.  He knows it.  We ought to.

27. 27  O O  take out  put off  Try hard.  Read this.  Look out.  Time’s up.  Make haste.  Next week.  Work hard.  Good work.  Well done.  That’s true.  Hold on.  All right.  That’s all.  Not yet.  Please do.  Oh, no.  Yes, please.  No, thanks.

28. 28  O o O  out of date  hard and fast  heart and soul  take away  put aside  Try again.  Read again.  Look inside.  Never mind.  Wait and See.  Leave at once. Come along. Hurry up. Practice hard. Word by word. Try it out. Carry on. Let me see. Good idea. Ring me up. What a crowd. Quite a bit. Thanks a lot.

29. 29  O o o O  Try it again.  Read it again.  Look at the book.  Take it away.  Put it aside.  Lots to be done.  Lend me a hand  Get in the crops.  Clear it away.  Bring him along.  Once in a while.  Hardly enough.  Nothing at all.  Just for a while.  Drop me a line.  Send it by mail.  Right over there.  Not in the least.

30. 30  o O o O  the latest news  a waste of time  a lot of noise  a better chance  I want to know.  We thought it was.  He told me this.  I think he will.  I think it is.  He knows it all.  We ought to know.  You’re late for lunch.  I’d like to come.  I’m sure you will.  I’ll see you off.  It’s hard to say.  It doesn’t work.  I’ve no idea.  Our time is up.  It sounds so strange.

31. 31  O o O o  quite a lot of  Wait a moment.  Let’s get started.  Wait a minute.  Time is precious.  Let me help you.  Glad to see you.  Come and help me.  Glad to hear it.  Go and get it.  Just imagine.

32. 32  o O o o O  I wanted to know.  We left it behind.  He told me to come.  I think he will come.

33. 33  o O o o O  I wanted you to know.  We thought it would be fine.  He told me he could come.  I think he will be there.

34. 34 o O o O o  I think he wants to.  You’ll get it later.  I’ve thought it over.  Repeat the sentence.  I’m glad to see you.  You’re always welcome.  I hope you like it.  I’d like to hear it.  I beg your pardon.  You’d better hurry.  I’m very sorry.  It doesn’t matter.

35. 35 o O o o O o o  I think that he wants us to.  You’ll get it on Saturday.  I’ve thought the thing over.  Repeat it again for me.  I’ll borrow another one.  You’ll get it on Saturday.  They’ve all gone on holiday.  It’s very unfortunate.  Perhaps you’ve heard of it.  Let’s open the other one.  The price has gone up again.

36. 36 o O o o I wanted you to write about them. It’s not the one I borrowed from you. It’s interesting to read about them. o O o o o o o O o She wants us to be there tomorrow.

37. 37 o O o o o O o o o He didn’t think it interesting. Remember what your teacher told you. I took it to a watch repairer. He didn’t want to talk about it.

38. 38 O o O o O Carry it away. Everything is clear. Follow my advice. Bring along your friend. See you in a week. Try to be in time. Come and have a look. Leave it on the desk. Cut it with a knife.

39. 39 o O o O I told him not to go away. He left the room without a word. I saw him standing all alone. They said they had to leave at once.

40. 40 o O o o o O o o o O  I think it was an excellent idea.  There isn’t really quite enough for two.  The bus is more convenient than the train.  They finished it the day before she came.  We haven’t got an envelope to match.  I shouldn’t be surprised if she forgot.

41. 41 o O o O o o O o o O  You know we ought to discuss it today.  It’s not what I wanted to ask you about.  I told you not to allow him to go.  We haven’t got time to arrange for it now.

42. 42 Your Turn  Take it to them.  Give it to him.  Read it with me.  Show it to him.  Study it with them.  Hold it for me.  Do it for me.  Get some for us.  Open it for me.  Bring them to her.  Let me see them. Take them away from me. Where did you see them? Why didn’t you give them to me? Go to him and tell him about it. Let me have a look at you. When did he tell you about it?

43. 43 Nursery Rhymes and Poems Good, better, best, Never let it rest, Till good is better, And better best.

44. 44 Humpty Dumpty Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall. Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the king's horses and all the king's men Couldn't put Humpty together again.

45. 45 Jack and Jill Jack and Jill went up the hill To fetch a pail of water Jack fell down and broke his crown And Jill came tumbling after. Up got Jack, and home did trot As fast as he could caper He went to bed and bound his head With vinegar and brown paper.

46. 46 Sing a song of sixpence A pocket full of rye, Four and twenty blackbirds Baked in a pie. When the pie was opened The birds began to sing, Oh wasn't that a dainty dish To set before the king?

47. 47  The king was in his counting house  Counting out his money,  The queen was in the parlour  Eating bread and honey  The maid was in the garden  Hanging out the clothes,  When down came a blackbird  And pecked off her nose!

48. 48 Pease pudding hot Pease pudding hot, Pease pudding cold, Pease pudding in the pot Nine days old. Some like it hot, Some like it cold, Some like it in the pot Nine days old.

49. 49 Monday's Child Monday's child is fair of face. Tuesday's child is full of grace. Wednesday's child is full of woe. Thursday's child has far to go. Friday's child is loving and giving. Saturday's child works hard for a living, But the child who is born on the Sabbath Day Is bonny and blithe and good and gay.

50. 50 Baa Baa Black Sheep Baa baa black sheep, have you any wool? Yes sir, yes sir, three bags full! One for the master, one for the dame, And one for the little boy who lives down the lane.

51. 51 Three Blind Mice Three blind mice, three blind mice, See how they run, see how they run, They all ran after the farmer's wife, Who cut off their tails with a carving knife, Did you ever see such a thing in your life, As three blind mice?

52. 52 Mary had a little lamb its fleece was white as snow; And everywhere that Mary went, the lamb was sure to go. It followed her to school one day, which was against the rule; It made the children laugh and play, to see a lamb at school.

53. 53 And so the teacher turned it out, but still it lingered near, And waited patiently about till Mary did appear. “Why does the lamb love Mary so?” the eager children cry; "Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know“ the teacher did reply.

54. 54 The Swing (Robert Louis Stevenson,1850–1894) How do you like to go up in a swing, Up in the air so blue ？ Oh, I do think it the pleasantest thing Ever a child can do. Up in the air and over the wall, Till I can see so wide, River and trees and cattle and all Over the countryside. Till I look down on the garden green Down on the roof so brown. Up in the air I go flying again Up in the air and down ！

55. 55 How do you like to go up in a swing, Up in the air so blue ？ ____ Oh, I do think it the pleasantest thing Even a child can do. ____ Up in the air and over the wall, Till I can see so wide, ____ River and trees and cattle and all Over the countryside. _____ Till I look down on the garden green Down on the roof so brown. Up in the air I go flying again Up in the air and down ！ ____

56. 56 From a Railway Carriage Faster than fairies, faster than witches, Bridges and houses, hedges and ditches; And charging along like troops in a battle, All through the meadows the horses and cattle: All of the sights of the hill and the plain Fly as thick as driving rain; And ever again, in the wink of an eye, Painted stations whistle by.

57. 57 Here is a child who clambers and scrambles, All by himself and gathering brambles; Here is a tramp who stands and gazes; And there is the green for stringing the daisies! Here is a cart run away in the road Lumping along with man and load; And here is a mill and there is a river: Each a glimpse and gone for ever!

58. 58  Seasons  Spring is green,  Summer is bright,  Autumn is golden,  Winter is white.  Year in year out,  We work and fight,  For a new world, of red sunlight.  重音 / 节奏 / 语调  弱读  辅音连缀  连读  失去或不完全爆破  语流好，发音好

59. 59 Do Re Mi Song Let ’ s start at the very beginning A very good place to start When you read you begin with ABC When you sing you begin with Do Re Mi

60. 60 Rain The rain is raining all around, It falls in field and tree. It rains on the umbrellas here, And on the ships at sea. --Robert Louis Stevenson

61. 61 Bed in Summer In winter I get up at night, And dress by yellow candle-light. In summer quite the other way, I have to go to bed by day. I have to go to bed and see, The birds still hopping on the tree, Or hear the grown-up people’s feet, Still going past me in the street. And does it not seem hard to you, When all the sky is clear and blue, And I should like so much to play, To have to go to bed by day? --Robert Louis Stevenson

62. 62 Fall \ Rise / Fall-rise \/ Rise-fall /\ Four basic tune movements Example: 1.His name is Peter. (a straightforward statement) 2.His name is Peter. (a polite question) 3.His name is Peter. (I don’t believe you.) 4.His name is Peter. (to convey certainty)

63. 63 英语语调的基本要点  英语句子的音调从第一个重读音节开始，由高到低， 依次下降。升降调的变化发生在最后的重读音节上。 school ╮ go to school - · ╮ Tom has started school. ¯· - · ╮ Mrs. Smith drove her son to school. ¯ · - - · -. ╮  如句子以重读音节结尾，用升调时即在该音节自然 滑动上升，用降调时则在该音节自然滑落下降。

64. 64 语调表达不同感情  ---We must know our own history. Do you agree? --- Yes, I do. ( 一般表示同意 )  --- （ Enters the office ） Professor Wang. --- Yes? ( 什么事？ 亲切 )  --- May I borrow your camera? --- Yes. (But it’s not here with me. 犹豫 )  ---You look very tired. --- Yes. Didn’t sleep a wink last night. ( 没精打采 )  --- May I have the next dance with you, Liu? --- Yes. ( 热情，兴奋 )

65. 65 语调表达不同感情  --- This afternoon we’ll take on the Russian Department in the semi-final. We will beat them ！ ---Yes! ( 狂热 )  ---Your son seems to be busy all the time. ---Yes, busy with computer games. ( 讽刺 )  ---Are you free tonight? ---Yes. ( 疑问 ) ---Oh, I just wonder.  ---We must take her to the hospital right away. ---Yes. ( 急切 )

66. 66 语调表达不同感情  ---You know our boss had a serious heart attack yesterday. ---Yes, my heart bleeds for him. He just overworked, with all those banquets and women. ( 反话 )  ---Don’t forget to take the medicine before you go. ---Yes, Ma. You’ve said it ten times. ( 不耐烦 )  ---Do you like the coat? ---Yes, but it’s too expensive. ( 保留 )  --- So you don’t like that movie. --- Yes, I do! ( 强调 )

67. 67 升调的作用  表示疑问，惊讶  --- I lost my bike. --- Again?  比较客气的口气  Oh, it’s very kind of you. Thank you!  句子未完，还不肯定、不完整、不独立  I bought a pen, a toothbrush, a basin, and some toilet paper.

68. 68 降调的作用  明确、肯定、果断、干脆、完整、独立  Today everybody knows that the earth moves round the sun.  We will move across the river tomorrow. That’s an order!

69. 69 长句语调  This officer was standing across a small counter from a young white boy who was wearing a V-necked sweater.  He had sandy hair, and I think I was especially aware of him because he looked more like a kid from a prep school than a customer in a bank.

70. 70 长句语调  “I’ve already explained to you,” the officer told him, “that a fourteen-year-old is not allowed to withdraw money without a letter from his parents.”  We all tend to regard as the center that special place where we are known, where we know others, where things mean much to us, and where we ourselves have both identity and meaning: family, school, town and local region could all be our center of the world.

71. 71  Phoneme-syllable-consonant clusters/loss of plosion-stress-words-liaison/weakening- sense group-primary stress-beat-rhythm- sentence stress – intonation – imitation – the way they speak

72. 72  Making up funny sentences to cover the confusables in one stretch  Sentence patterns to cover synonyms and to reinforce grammatical structures:  dead, died, Egypt, Egyptian, Arab, Arabian, Arabic, Saudi Arabia  Chant 教学

73. 73 We wish you a fresh start in your teaching career.