1. HVAC, Building Tune-up, & Commissioning Bruce Dobbs, P.E. Mechanical Systems Engineering

2. Learning Objectives Background Basic Tune-Ups Benchmarking In-Depth Tune-Ups Benefits of Commissioning 2© 2012 Portland General Electric

3. Levels of Commissioning Basic Tune-Up Full Blown Commissioning Performed By Customer Specialist Required 3© 2012 Portland General Electric

4. Construction Design Development Conceptual Budgeting Construction Documents Bid Value Engineering 4© 2012 Portland General Electric

5. Mechanical Systems Construction Priority level varies by project Owner/Architect need to be educated on system Affected by project budget 5© 2012 Portland General Electric

6. Utilities Cost of Gas Cost of Electricity Source of Power 6© 2012 Portland General Electric

7. Current Energy Trends Small Carbon Footprint Net Zero 7© 2012 Portland General Electric

8. Building tune-ups are best done starting from the outside and working inward 8© 2012 Portland General Electric

9. Personal Computers Occupancy Patterns Data Processing Areas Relative cost of utilities Tenant type Consider changes that have occurred since original design/construction 9© 2012 Portland General Electric

10. Basic Tune-Ups 10© 2012 Portland General Electric

11. Basic Tune-Ups 11© 2012 Portland General Electric

12. Basic Lighting Tune-Up Measure Light Levels IESNA recommended foot candle (fc) readings for different occupancies and task types Orientation and simple visual tasks (3 -10 fc) Common visual tasks (30 - 100 fc) Special visual tasks (300 - 1000 fc) If over lit – wasting energy If under lit Safety Issues (OSHA) Task Lighting can be added Occupant needs can change over time Computers, Drafting, Quality Control 12© 2012 Portland General Electric

13. Basic Lighting Tune-Up Implement a Maintenance Plan Group Re-lamping Calculators GE - http://www.gelighting.com/apo/resources/online_tools/group_relamping.htm Factors Affecting Relamping Decisions Lamp type – H.I.D, Fluorescent, Incandescent Depreciation curve Labor and material costs Clean lamps and fixtures 13© 2012 Portland General Electric

14. Basic Lighting Tune-Up Implement a Maintenance Plan Upgrade Existing T8 Lamps Light Quantity – Measure light levels Light Quality – High-performance T8s* Energy Savings Reduced-wattage T8s* Delamping (Check Ballast Compatabiltiy) * http://www.cee1.org/com/com-lt/lamps-ballasts.xls 14© 2012 Portland General Electric

15. Basic Lighting Tune-Up Implement a Maintenance Plan Upgrade Ballasts Replace older standard electronic with high-performance* Adjust light levels by choosing correct ballast factor ~.7 (low), ~.9 (normal), ~1.1+ (high) Number of lamps per fixture may be reduced Identify and replace any magnetic ballasts No longer manufactured Replace with high-performance electronic ballasts & high-performance T8 lamps* Easy to determine using “Discriminator” or “Flicker Checker” * http://www.cee1.org/com/com-lt/lamps-ballasts.xls 15© 2012 Portland General Electric

16. Basic Lighting Tune-Up Calibrate Controls Occupancy Sensors Adjust settings Use correct type Time Clocks Adjust regularly or use astronomical clock Replace failed photosensors Sweep Controls Zoning 16© 2012 Portland General Electric

17. Basic HVAC Tune-Up 17© 2012 Portland General Electric

18. Basic HVAC Tune-Up Implement a Maintenance Plan Change Filters Per Manufacturer Recommendations Clean Outdoor Condensing Units Economizer Functioning? Minimum Air Damper Positioning 18© 2012 Portland General Electric

19. Basic HVAC Tune-Up Can save up to 10% on heating and cooling costs (US DOE) Relatively inexpensive i.e. less than $250 Payback can easily be less than four years More comfortable Consider Upgrading to Programmable Thermostats 19© 2012 Portland General Electric

20. Basic HVAC Tune-Up Enable Efficiency Set up/Set back Schedules (thermostats & timers) Optimum Start Heat Pumps - Install controls to prevent unnecessary use of resistance heat 20© 2012 Portland General Electric

21. Basic HVAC Tune-Up Periodically Check Controls Occupants May Modify Daylight Savings Time Replace Batteries (If Applicable) Hours of operation changing –seasonal or business cycle Work performed may require lower/higher temperature set points 21© 2012 Portland General Electric

22. Basic HVAC Tune-Up Relax Temperatures Heating energy can be reduced by about 3% if the heating set point is dropped 1 ºF. (Energy Star) Cooling energy can be reduced by about 1% if the cooling set point is raised 1 ºF. (Engineering Estimate) Keep a 3 ºF or larger dead band. 22

23. A Tale of Three Set Points Building Characteristics: Retail Occupancy Total Floor Area of 1,600 Square Feet HVAC: Air Flow 1600 CFM Cooling with 4 Ton Packaged Rooftop Heating with Gas Furnace in Packaged Rooftop © 2012 Portland General Electric23

24. Scenario 1: Fan Always “ON” Thermostat Settings: Occupied Set Points Cooling to 73º F Heating to 70º F Fan set to ON Unoccupied Set Points Cooling to 80º F Heating to 60º F Fan set to ON Estimated Annual Energy Consumption: 25,600 kWh/yr ($2048/yr) 448 Therms/yr ($358/yr) © 2012 Portland General Electric24

25. Scenario 2: Fan Always “AUTO” Thermostat Settings: Occupied Set Points Cooling to 73º F Heating to 70º F Fan set to AUTO Unoccupied Set Points Cooling to 80º F Heating to 60º F Fan set to AUTO Estimated Annual Energy Consumption: 23,475 kWh/yr ($1878/yr) 320 Therms/yr ($256/yr) © 2012 Portland General Electric25

26. Scenario 3: Fan “ON” For Occupancy Thermostat Settings: Occupied Set Points Cooling to 73º F Heating to 70º F Fan set to ON Unoccupied Set Points Cooling to 80º F Heating to 60º F Fan set to AUTO Estimated Annual Energy Consumption: 24,750 kWh/yr ($1980/yr) 397 Therms/yr ($317/yr) © 2012 Portland General Electric26

27. Benchmarking 27© 2012 Portland General Electric

28. Who Has Time for This? Step 1: Get a copy of your utility bill. Step 2: Enter kWh data in a spreadsheet. Step 3: Repeat. Once a month for years. Step 4: (Optional) Dig through files to find past bills. © 2012 Portland General Electric28

29. Here’s a Quick Alternative 8100 kWh/day x 365 days/yr = 2,920,000 kWh/yr © 2012 Portland General Electric29

30. Compare to Regional Averages Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance Survey Occupancy Type Location Floor Area Building Systems © 2012 Portland General Electric30

31. Compare to National Averages Overview of Commercial Buildings Occupancy Type Census Region Floor Area Occupancy Level Age of Facility Etc. © 2012 Portland General Electric31

32. Benchmarking Combined NEEA and EIA Results (Plus a little tweaking) © 2012 Portland General Electric32

33. Benchmarking Using Results 120,000 kWh/yr 6,200 Square Foot Office = 19.3 19.3 kWh/SF/yr Is this good or bad? © 2012 Portland General Electric33

34. Benchmarking Portfolio Manager Overview Portfolio Manager is an interactive energy management tool that allows you to track and assess energy and water of your building(s) online. Portfolio Manager can help you set investment priorities, identify under-performing buildings, verify efficiency improvements, and receive EPA recognition for superior energy performance. Another Option © 2012 Portland General Electric34

35. Energy Star – Facility Types Banks/Financial Institutions Courthouses Data Centers Hospitals (Acute Care and Children’s) Hotels/Motels Houses of Worship K-12 Schools Medical Offices Offices Residence Halls/Dormatories Retail Stores Supermarkets/Grocery Stores Warehouses (Refrigerated/Non Refrigerated) © 2012 Portland General Electric35

36. Go To www.energystar.gov © 2012 Portland General Electric36

37. Energy Star – Energy Performance Indicators Cement Manufacturing Container Glass Manufacturing Plants Cookie and Cracker Bakeries Corn Refining Flat Glass Manufacturing Plants Frozen Fried Potato Processing Plants Juice Processing Plants Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Through ENERGY STAR, EPA offers plant energy performance indicators (EPI) to enable energy managers and corporate executives to evaluate the energy efficiency of their plants relative to that of the industry. EPIs are currently available for: More Info: www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=in_focus.bus_industries_focus#plant © 2012 Portland General Electric37

38. Energy Star – General Industrial Information Whether you are on the industrial list or not, EPA also offers plant utility and process improvement resources for: Compressed Air Motors Process Heating Pumping Steam Energy Trust can offer incentives for these & other Energy Efficiency opportunities © 2012 Portland General Electric38

39. In-Depth Tune Ups © 2012 Portland General Electric39

40. Air Distribution System Diffusers / Grilles Clean Balancing dampers set properly Airflow needs to be adequate for space © 2012 Portland General Electric40

41. Determining Proper Airflow Perform Load Estimate & Calculate Airflow Measure Existing Airflow & Compare with Load Estimate Adjust Airflow Accordingly © 2012 Portland General Electric41

42. Airflow Rules of Thumb West Zone = 1.5 – 2.5 CFM/SF East Zone = 1.25 – 2.0 CFM/SF North Zone = 0.50 – 1.0 CFM/SF South Zone = 1.0 – 1.5 CFM/SF Core Zone = 0.4 – 0.75 CFM/SF CFM: Cubic Feet Per Minute SF : Square Feet © 2012 Portland General Electric42

43. Ductwork Can Duct Handle Required Airflow? Noise Additional Fan Horse Power (HP) Tally Sum of Diffuser Airflows to Determine Airflow in Duct Use ductolator to determine pressure drop in duct (< 0.15” w.g./100 ft.) w.g.: Water Gauge © 2012 Portland General Electric43

44. Consequences of Excessive Pressure Drop (PD) in Duct Given 50 ft duct length Airflow twice original design Original PD is 0.175 New PD = 0.175 (2) 2 = 0.70” w.g. Additional fan energy operating cost= 0.747 x 10000 cfm x (0.70 – 0.175)/(0.65 x 6356) x 2000 hr/yr = 1,900 kWh ($127/yr) CFM: Cubic Feet Per Minute w.g.: Water Gauge © 2012 Portland General Electric44

45. Keep Return / Supply Duct Clean Adds Pressure Drop Fungi / Mold Odors © 2012 Portland General Electric45

46. Fan Systems Static Pressure (SP) Calibration Set SP at level that will satisfy furthest diffuser Calibrate sensor once a year © 2012 Portland General Electric46

47. Fan Systems Control Tune-ups Tighten VIV/FDD linkages Check for broken /disconnected linkages Check seals of FDD Tighten fan belts Clean filters Clean coils VIV: Variable Inlet Vane FDD: Fan Discharge Damper © 2012 Portland General Electric47

48. Dirty Filters and Coils May Increase Fan Energy © 2012 Portland General Electric48

49. AHU with 50,000 CFM airflow. Dirty filter adds 0.75” w.g. pressure drop. Additional Power = (0.747 x 50,000 x 0.75)/(0.65 x 6,356) = 6.8 kW Annual Electricity Consumption = 6.8 x 2500 hrs = 16,951 kWh Increased operating cost = 16,951 x $0.0728/kWh = $1,234 Example (VAV Only) AHU: Air Handling Unit © 2012 Portland General Electric49

50. Dirty Coils PD ≈ V 2 High velocity uses more HP (VAV only) Poor Heat Transfer More pump energy Poor sensible/latent cooling Wasted compressor energy PD: Pressure Drop HP: Horse Power VAV: Variable Air Volume © 2012 Portland General Electric50

51. Cooling Coils Improperly Functioning Valves Check C v Wasted pump energy Wasted fan energy C v : Valve Coefficient © 2012 Portland General Electric51

52. AHU with 50,000 cfm airflow. Dirty cooling coil adds 1” w.g. pressure drop. Additional Power = (0.747 x 50,000 x 1)/(0.65 x 6,356) = 9.0 kW Annual Electricity Consumption = 9.0 x 2500 hrs = 22,600 kWh Increased operating cost = 22,600 x $0.0728/kWh = $1,645 Example AHU: Air Handling Unit © 2012 Portland General Electric52

53. Total increase in operating cost due to dirty filters and cooling coil: Operating Cost - $1,234 + $1,645 = $2,879 © 2012 Portland General Electric53 Combined Results

54. Not All Fan Control Methods Created Equal Three Main Types Fan discharge dampers Variable inlet vanes Variable speed drives © 2012 Portland General Electric54

55. Fan Control Methods Fan Discharge Dampers Good pressure control Do not decrease fan energy requirements © 2012 Portland General Electric55

56. Fan Control Methods Variable Inlet Vanes Good flow/pressure control Marginal decrease in fan energy requirements © 2012 Portland General Electric56

57. Fan Control Methods Variable Speed Drives Good flow/pressure control High impact on fan power requirements © 2012 Portland General Electric57

58. Inadequate Oil Changes Decreased Cooling Capacity Increased Energy Consumption © 2012 Portland General Electric58

59. Chiller Operation Reset Chilled Water Temperature For each 1 degree reset, 3% energy savings Determine maximum supply chilled water temperature necessary to maintain building load Maintain log and calculate energy savings © 2012 Portland General Electric59

60. Supply Air Temperature Supply Air Temperature (SAT) ≈ 55 o F Relative Humidity (RH) ≈ 50% © 2012 Portland General Electric60

61. Comfort Conditions Cooling Room Temp between 74 o F and 78 o F RH between 30% and 60% Heating Room Temp between 70°F and 74°F RH between 30% & 50% RH: Relative Humidity © 2012 Portland General Electric61

62. Cooling Coils 2-way Valves preferable to 3-way Valves Usually Not Sized Properly Poor C v Oversized C v : Valve Coefficient © 2012 Portland General Electric62

63. Too Low SAT Low SAT Creates Issues Higher reheat energy Low RH in buildings Higher electrical and natural gas costs SAT: Supply Air Temperature RH: Relative Humidity © 2012 Portland General Electric63

64. Low Delta-T Syndrome Chiller Operating Issues Short cycling Loss of building control Inefficient operation © 2012 Portland General Electric64

65. Central Chilled Water Plant © 2012 Portland General Electric65

66. Optimizing Chilled Water Plant Operation Chiller Control Pump Control Cooling Tower Control © 2012 Portland General Electric66

67. Chiller Control Optimum Chilled Water Temperature RH is a consideration 3% savings per 1 degree reset RH: Relative Humidity © 2012 Portland General Electric67

68. Chiller Maintenance Condenser Maintenance Maintain clean tubes  Clean twice/year Minimize condenser water temperatures  Dependent of chiller type/age © 2012 Portland General Electric68

69. Chiller Maintenance Maintain Approach Temperatures T CW – T R < 9 o F Elevated approach temperatures indicate dirty tubes and/or low refrigerant T CW : Condenser Water Temperature T R : Refrigerant Temperature © 2012 Portland General Electric69

70. Chiller Operation Evaporator Maintenance Maintain clean tubes Maintain adequate refrigerant charge Maintain adequate oil change © 2012 Portland General Electric70

71. Cooling Towers Approach Temperature T app =T lvg – T wb Maintain minimum approach temperature possible T app : Approach Temperature T lvg : Condenser Leaving Water Temperature T wb : Outdoor Wet Bulb Temperature © 2012 Portland General Electric71

72. Boiler Maintenance Blow Down Control Blow down boiler daily No longer than necessary Prevents scaling Safer operation © 2012 Portland General Electric72

73. Boiler Maintenance Combustion Air Excess O 2 levels < 2.5 – 3% Excess CO levels < 200 parts/million © 2012 Portland General Electric73

74. Boiler Maintenance Water Treatment Number of cycles should be between 5 and 6 Primarily intended to reduce scaling on boiler tubes © 2012 Portland General Electric74

75. Boiler Maintenance Scaling Calcium Carbonate creates thin layer of insulation on tubes Scaling detected by visual inspection and measuring stack temperature © 2012 Portland General Electric75

76. Boiler Plant Improvements Stack Economizer Reheats feedwater to boiler Reduces boiler consumption by 10-15% Works best on boilers operating over 60 PSIG PSIG: Pounds Per Square Inch (Gauge) © 2012 Portland General Electric76

77. Boiler Plant Improvements Automated Blow Down Control Measure conductivity Micro MHO’s (mMHO’s) Prevents excessive blow down Serves energy and chemicals © 2012 Portland General Electric77

78. Boiler Plant Improvements O 2 Trim Control Vary combustion air intake as function of excess O 2 levels in stack Minimizes excess O 2 levels Improves efficiency by 2-5% © 2012 Portland General Electric78

79. Boilers Oversized Boiler Short cycling Cracked refrectory Excessive purging Inefficient burner operation © 2012 Portland General Electric79

80. Boilers Should Boiler Be Shut Down or Left On Line Usually only economical to shut down if burner is high/low/off type Modulating burners with high turn down should usually be left on line © 2012 PGE80 © 2012 Portland General Electric

81. Benefits of Commissioning © 2012 Portland General Electric81

82. Commissioning A process for improving an existing building’s performance by identifying and implementing relatively low cost operational and maintenance improvements © 2012 Portland General Electric82

83. Commissioning ensures that the new building operates initially as the owner intended and that the building staff are prepared to operate and maintain its systems and equipment Commissioning © 2012 Portland General Electric83

84. Commissioning Goals of Retrocommissioning Process Insure the building is performing efficiently and as expected Recommend and implement measures that improve equipment performance Verify that the building owner and staff receive adequate documentation and assistance to implement improvements © 2012 Portland General Electric84

85. Key Findings (1 of 3) Commissioning is arguably the single-most cost-effective strategy for reducing energy, costs, and greenhouse-gas emissions in buildings today Energy savings tend to persist well over at least a 3- to 5-year timeframe, but data over longer time horizons are not available Median commissioning costs: $0.30/ft2 and $1.16/ft2 for existing buildings and new construction, respectively (and 0.4% of total construction costs for new buildings) Median whole-building energy savings: 16% and 13% Median payback times:1.1 and 4.2 years Median benefit-cost ratios: 4.5 and 1.1, cash-on-cash returns of 91% and 23% © 2012 Portland General Electric85

86. Key Findings (2 of 3) Large reductions in greenhouse-gas emissions are achieved, at a negative cost of -$110 and -$25/tonne CO2- equivalent High-tech buildings particularly cost-effective, and saved large amounts of energy due to their energy-intensiveness The database incorporates the work of 37 commissioning providers Projects with a comprehensive approach to commissioning attained nearly twice the overall median level of savings, and five-times the savings of projects with a constrained approach Non-energy benefits are extensive and often offset part or all of the commissioning cost © 2012 Portland General Electric86

87. Key Findings (3 of 3) Annual energy-savings potential of $30 billion by the year 2030, and 360 MT CO 2 -eq emissions reductions. The corresponding future industry would have a sales volume of $4 billion per year Approximately 24,000 jobs need to be created in order to deliver the potential. This is “small” in the context of the number of people currently employed in related trades Commissioning America” in a decade is an ambitious goal, but “do-able” and very consistent with this country’s aspirations to simultaneously address energy and environmental issues while creating jobs and stimulating economic activity © 2012 Portland General Electric87

88. Exhaust fan hardwired in an “always on” position Hall of Shame Inadequate fan cooling and excessive fan power due to poor fit between the light fixture and ducting, causing significant duct leakage Hot water valve motion impeded by piping layout Zone damper actuator arm broken (no temperature control) Rust indicates poor anti-condensation heating control setpoints in supermarket refrigeration cabinet © 2012 Portland General Electric88

89. Hall of Shame Failed window film applications Building envelope moisture entry Damage to brick façade of pool building due to lack of proper sealing and air management Photosensor “sees” the electric lamps rather than task-plane illumination Photosensor (for daylight harvesting) shaded by duct Air leakage in an underfloor air- distribution system © 2012 Portland General Electric89

90. Common Faults in Commercial Buildings © 2012 Portland General Electric90

91. Commissioning Importance of Retrocommissioning Most buildings have never been commissioned Operational “bugs” typically resolved under severe time constraints High Utility Bills Excessive equipment repairs Poor indoor environmental quality © 2012 Portland General Electric91

92. Commissioning Retrocommissioning Expectations Owner’s needs and project requirements brought to the forefront Optimize energy efficient design features Well trained staff members with proper building documentation Identify indoor environmental quality issues © 2012 Portland General Electric92

93. Commissioning Preventative Maintenance Issues Focuses on component-by-component care rather than holistic view Very little day-to-day monitoring takes place © 2012 Portland General Electric93

94. Commissioning Maintenance Tune-ups Aren’t Enough Tune-ups tend to focus on maintenance of components and equipment Retrocommissioning looks at operational issues and focuses on systems approach Why is a piece of equipment operating, not just how it is operating Looks at entire system operation not just component operation © 2012 Portland General Electric94

95. Retrocommissioning Benefits Include cost savings and improvements to most aspects of O&M DescriptionRange of Values Value of Energy Savings 11¢–72¢ per sf Value of Non Energy Savings 10¢–45¢ persf © 2012 Portland General Electric95

96. Building Performance Improvement Utility bill analysis  Simultaneous heating and cooling?  Poorly operating economizers?  Excessive air and water flows? Improved Indoor Air Environmental Quality (IEQ) Moisture or mold Inadequate outside air Poor air circulation Inappropriate control of ventilation air Poor air distribution system Improper building pressurization © 2012 Portland General Electric96

97. Reduced productivity Tenant retention Increased liability © 2012 Portland General Electric97 The Cost of Discomfort

98. Improved Building Documentation O&M Manuals Sequence of operation System diagrams Preventative Maintenance Program Recommissioning plan © 2012 Portland General Electric98

99. Retrocommissioning Costs Dependent upon size, complexity and scope DescriptionValue of Ranges Total commissioning costs13¢–45¢ per sf Provider fee as percentage of total commissioning costs 35%-71% Average commissioning cost allocation: – Planning and investigation – Implementation – Verification, tracking & reporting 69% 27% 4% Simple payback time.2 up to 2.1 years © 2012 Portland General Electric99

100. Utilize in-house staff  Gather building documentation Appropriate preventative maintenance tasks Diagnostic trending and functional testing Install/remove diagnostic monitoring equipment Repairs and improvements Track measures after implementation © 2012 Portland General Electric100 Reducing Retrocommissioning Costs

101. Previous commissioning reports Drawings Operations and Maintenance (O&M) manuals Testing and Balancing (TAB) reports Original design documentation Equipment list Outside service contractors Service contracts Maintenance logs Control system documentation Energy efficient operating strategies Energy bills Water and sewage bills © 2012 Portland General Electric101 Gather Building Documentation

102. Commissioning lead  Contract with third party contractor or member of owner’s staff Building owner or owner’s representative Building manager and staff Contractors and manufacturer’s representatives © 2012 Portland General Electric102 Retrocommissioning Team Members

103. Retrocommissioning Process Planning Initial planning activities are critical to the success of any retrocommissioning process as they set the objectives and lay the foundation for the project team to move forward Planning phase activities  Select the process of the project  Age of building  Size of building  Building controls  In-house staff  Building documentation  Set building objectives and obtain support  Select a commissioning lead  Perform an initial site walk-through  Develop a commissioning plan  Assemble the retrocommissioning team  Hold a project kick-off meeting © 2012 Portland General Electric103

104. Defines project’s objectives, scope, schedule, documentation requirements, and the roles and responsibilities of team members  General building information and contact information  Goals and scope of project  Brief building and systems descriptions  Owner’s operating requirements  List of team members  Description of the communication reporting and management protocols  Schedule  Documentation request  Investigation scope and methods  Implementation phase requirements  Hand off activities © 2012 Portland General Electric104 Retrocommissioning Plan

105. Review facility documentation Perform diagnostic monitoring Perform functional testing Perform simple repairs as the project progresses Develop the master list of findings Prioritize and select operational improvements © 2012 Portland General Electric105 Investigation

106. Develop an implementation plan Implement selected operational improvements  Turn-key implementation  In-house staff implementation  Owner-led implementation Verify results © 2012 Portland General Electric106 Implementation

107. To ensure the building owners and operators have what they need to monitor and maintain implemented procedures, an intentional and thorough project hand-off is essential Develop the final report Compile systems manual Develop a recommissioning plan Provide training Hold a close-out meeting Implement persistence strategy © 2012 Portland General Electric107 Hand-off

108. Building documentation Equipment lists O&M manuals Control system documents System diagrams © 2012 Portland General Electric108 Strategies for Ensuring Persistence of Benefits

109. Ongoing training Preventative operations and maintenance © 2012 Portland General Electric109 Building Staff Training

110. Benchmarking Energy Star Portfolio Manager Utility tracking Performance monitoring © 2012 Portland General Electric110 Performance Tracking

111. Periodic recommissioning helps maintain the benefits of the original commissioning or retrocommissioning process © 2012 Portland General Electric111 Recommissioning Plan

112. Illustrative Relationships between commissioning and energy efficiency measures © 2012 Portland General Electric112

113. Wide diversity of reported reasons to embark on commissioning projects © 2012 Portland General Electric113

114. Deficiencies discovered … © 2012 Portland General Electric114

115. No correlation between payback time and building size © 2012 Portland General Electric115

116. First-cost savings offset half of the commissioning cost “Net Cost” includes first-cost savings where applicable. © 2012 Portland General Electric116

117. Excellent outcomes for all building types © 2012 Portland General Electric117

118. Two Tales of One Building © 2012 Portland General Electric118

119. Two Tales of One Building (cont’d….) © 2012 Portland General Electric119

120. TRUST BUT VERIFY: Monitoring-based Commissioning © 2012 Portland General Electric120

121. Commissioning Example Portland University – Science II Building Commissioning improvements  Chiller mis-starts  Chiller oil temp. false alarms eliminated  CT VFD fine tuned  CT defects eliminated (low sump water, fans, louvers installed improperly)  AHU OSA dampers repaired  Chiller controls reprogrammed Financials  Commissioning cost: $11,750  1 st year estimated savings: $5,340  Payback: 2.2 years © 2012 Portland General Electric121

122. Commissioning Example Department of Administrative Services Bldg Gas-fired boiler inoperable (high temp circuit) Malfunctioning economizers No chilled water reset Malfunctioning daylight dimming controls Financials  Commissioning cost: $20,900  1 st year benefit: $18,380  Annual energy savings: $9,330 © 2012 Portland General Electric122

123. Building Example Portland State Univ. Science 2 Building Office Building 200,000 sf (Square Feet) Constructed in 1980 Chilled water plant  500-ton chiller (0.75 kW/ton)  Constant flow chilled water/condenser water loops  Cooling Tower with 15F approach and on/off control fan  25 horsepower chilled water pump with standard efficiency motor  20 horsepower condenser water pump with standard efficiency motor © 2012 Portland General Electric123

124. Case Study Building Description (cont’d) Boiler plant  (1) cast iron hot water boiler (Eff. = 80%)  Constant flow distribution system  10 hp hot water pump with standard efficiency motor Air Distribution System Constant volume reheat (4) forward curve fans with capacity of 50,000 CFM each and 50 hp standard efficiency motors Bag filter sections on each AHU Control System Pneumatic controls © 2012 Portland General Electric124

125. Case Study Recommended Building Improvements EEM-1: Replace chiller with high efficiency rotary screw chiller (0.52 kW/ton) with VSD on compressor EEM-2: Convert chilled water distribution to variable flow EEM-3: Install VSD and premium efficiency motor on cooling tower fan EEM-4: Replace existing boiler with condensing boiler (eff. = 92%) EEM-5: Convert constant flow hot water distribution system to variable flow EEM-6: Install DDC system to replace existing pneumatic control system EEM: Energy Efficiency Measure © 2012 Portland General Electric125

126. Case Study Recommended EEMs (continued) EEM-7: Convert constant volume reheat air distribution system to VAV reheat with fan powered mixing boxes on perimeter and VAV terminal units in core area. VSDs on fans. EEM-8: Install CO 2 ventilation control EEM-9: Remove bag filters and retain 4” prefilters EEM: Energy Efficiency Measure VAV: Variable Air Volume VSD: Variable Speed Drive © 2012 Portland General Electric126

127. Case Study Results Energy Efficiency Measure Annual Electric Energy Savings (kWh) Annual Natural Gas Savings (Therms) Annual Electric Cost Savings ($) Annual Natural Gas Cost Saving s ($) Total Energy Cost Savings ($) Total Installed Cost ($) Simple Paybac k (Years) EEM-1: Replace existing chiller with high efficiency chiller 120,0000$8,412$0$8,412$250,00030 EEM-2: Variable flow chilled water distribution system 20,8950$1,465$0$1,465$13,0009 EEM-3: VSD on cooling tower fan 13,4460$943$0$943$5,0005 EEM-4: Replace boiler with condensing boiler 09,701$0$11,641 $70,0006 EEM-5: Variable flow hot water distribution system 3,2650$229$0$229$10,00044 EEM-6: Replace pneumatic controls with DDC system 600,0007,875$42,060$9,450$51,510$300,0006 EEM-7: Convert constant volume reheat system to VAV reheat 240,0000$16,824$0$16,824$350,00021 EEM-8: CO2 demand ventilation control 40,50012,960$2,839$15,552$18,391$20,0001 EEM-9: Remove bag filters from air handling units 45,2030$3,169$0$3,169$00 © 2012 Portland General Electric127

128. Pledge to Pursue Tune Up Opportunities! In the next 6 to 12 months I will…  Get bids to replace my older lighting systems.  Review and optimize my lighting control systems.  Review and optimize my HVAC control systems.  Benchmark my energy consumption.  Ask for assistance to prioritize my opportunities.  ______________________________________ (Fill in the blank.) © 2012 Portland General Electric128

129. Thank you Questions? © 2012 Portland General Electric129