1. Ontology in MBSE How ontologies fit into MBSE The benefits and challenges

2. Outline What MBSE brings to engineering What Ontology brings to MBSE How do ontologies get used in MBSE Benefits of incorporating ontologies Challenges Roadmap

3. What MBSE brings to engineering ModelInterpretation The use of digital models that represent a system under design or analysis are the primary engineering authority

4. Subject Modeling Language Expressed in Interpreted In Level 0 Level 1 Model Some OMG Terminology Regarding Models OMG distinguishes the model, the modeling language, and the subject of the model

5. What is an Ontology A collection of concepts and relationships used in modeling a domain CarTruck Vehicle Weight Geometry 2-wheeled Drive Geometry Type IsPartOf Wheel Standard specialization classification of vehicles Standard list of attributes for vehicles Example of Vehicle Ontology

6. How is an Ontology Used in MBSE A model may use the concepts from multiple ontologies Uses Concepts from Expressed in Model Modeling Language Ontology

7. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 7 Ontologies may be Organized into hierarchies Foundation Ontologies Base, Mission, Project, Quantities-Units-Dimensions-Values, Analysis, Artifact, Architecture Description Foundation Ontologies Base, Mission, Project, Quantities-Units-Dimensions-Values, Analysis, Artifact, Architecture Description Discipline Ontologies Mechanical, Electrical, Physics, Thermal, Propulsion, Attitude Control, Navigation, … Discipline Ontologies Mechanical, Electrical, Physics, Thermal, Propulsion, Attitude Control, Navigation, … Application Ontologies Star Tracker, Sun Sensor, Reaction Wheel, Thruster,.. 2-axis vs. 3-axis S/C; Radio vs. optical comm; … Application Ontologies Star Tracker, Sun Sensor, Reaction Wheel, Thruster,.. 2-axis vs. 3-axis S/C; Radio vs. optical comm; … use Fundamental terms use in all projects, disciplines, and applications Discipline-specific terms specified and owned by discipline experts Kinds of items that are modeled in a project; specified and owned by application experts Focus is integration and interoperation Focus is reuse

8. Benefits of incorporating ontologies into MBSE 8  Standardization of domain terminology  Enable common understanding of the domain (interoperabilty)  Enable reuse of domain knowledge  Make domain assumptions explicit  Separate domain knowledge from the operational knowledge  Analyze domain knowledge

9. Challenges 1.Determining a hierarchy of candidate ontologies for standardization 2.Coalescing ontology hierarchy with scope and uses relations 3.Getting general acceptance and involvement from appropriate standards bodies 4.Standardizing on suitable logical formalization to express semantics 9

10. INCOSE IW2011 MBSE Workshop INCOSE MBSE Ontology Roadmap 201120202025 Maturity MBSE Capability Ad Hoc use of Ontologies Well Defined within MBSE Institutionalized MBSE across Academia/Industry Reduced cycle times Design optimization across broad trade space Cross domain effects based analysis System of systems interoperability January 29, 2011 Establishing Ontology Standards Establishing Formal Semantics For Ontologies Developing candidate hierarchy of Ontologies Publishing candidate ontologies Incorporating feedback and republishing Engaging standards bodies Planning & Support Research Standards Development Processes, Practices, & Methods Tools & Technology Enhancements Outreach, Training & Education Refer to activities in the following areas:

11. A Stack of Semantic Standards for Ontologies Increasing use of standards INCREASING INTEROPERABILITY Recovery Exchange Discovery Common Meaning Global Resource Identification Standards Data Interchange Format Standards Metadata Standards Modeling Language Standards Inference Standards To enable semantic interoperability Common Vocabulary