1. AN/APR-39A(V)1 RADAR SIGNAL DETECTING SET
UNCLASSIFIED
AN/APR-39A(V)1 RADAR SIGNAL DETECTING SET
US FORCES, KOREA
18-29 MAY 1998
ARAT-TA BRIEFERS:
LARRY JOHNSON
PETE McGREW
DSN / 8919
(850) / 8919
FAX:
CLASS FAX:
68 TSS/ARAT
203 WEST D. AVE
SUITE 103 (ARAT)
EGLIN AFB FL
UNCLASSIFIED a

2. THEATER

3. SURFACE-TO-AIR (NAVAL)
THE THREAT
AIRBORNE
AAA
TARGET ACQUISITION
TARGET TRACKING
MISSILE GUIDANCE
SURFACE-TO-AIR (NAVAL)
SURFACE-TO-AIR (LAND)

4. AN/APR-39A(V)1 RADAR SIGNAL DETECTING SET
1 CONTROL UNIT (C-11308)
1 INDICATOR (IP-1150A)
1 DIGITAL PROCESSOR (CP-1597A)
2 RECEIVERS (R-2218)
5 ANTENNAS
NEW ANTENNAS OLD ANTENNAS (AS-2890) - 1 EA (AS-2890) - 1 EA
(AS-3548A) - 2 EA (AS-3548) - 2 EA
(AS-3549A) - 2 EA (AS-3549) - 2 EA

5. CONTROL UNIT (C-11308)
CONTAINS CONTROLS NECESSARY FOR SYSTEM OPERATION
WT: 0.4 POUNDS (0.2 KILOS)

6. INDICATOR (IP-1150A)
PROVIDES COMPATIBLE ALPHA-NUMERIC SYMBOLOGY IN DAY OR NIGHT (VISION) CONDITION
WT: 2.4 POUNDS (1.1 KILOS)

7. DIGITAL PROCESSOR (CP-1597A)
CONTROLS OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM THRU OFP (OPERATIONAL FLIGHT PROGRAM) AND MDS (MISSION DATA SET)
WT: 5.9 POUNDS (2.7 KILOS)

8. FREQUENCY / WAVELENGTH DESIGNATIONS
PREVIOUS NATO DESIGNATIONS
VHF GHz, cm
*UHF GHz, cm
*L-BAND GHz, 30-15cm
*S-BAND GHz, cm
*C-BAND GHz, cm
*X-BAND GHz, cm
*Ku-BAND GHz, cm
*K-BAND GHz, cm
*Ka-BAND GHz, cm
*mm-BAND GHz, cm
CURRENT NATO DESIGNATIONS
A-BAND GHz, cm
B-BAND GHz, cm
*C-BAND GHz, 60-30cm
*D-BAND GHz, 30-15cm
*E-BAND GHz, 15-10cm
*F-BAND GHz, cm
*G-BAND GHz, 7.5-5cm
*H-BAND GHz, cm
*I-BAND GHz, cm
*J-BAND GHz, 3-1.5cm
*K-BAND GHz, cm
*L-BAND GHz, cm
*M-BAND GHz, cm
CURRENT WARSAW PACT DESIGNATIONS
8-BAND GHz, cm
* 9-BAND GHz, cm
*10-BAND GHz, cm
*11-BAND GHz, cm

9. RECEIVER (R-2218) - 2 EA. OPERATES IN: E-M BANDS (NEW ANTENNAS)
H-M BANDS (OLD ANTENNAS)
DUAL CHANNEL
WT: 2.0 POUNDS (0.91 KILOS) EA.

10. ANTENNAS AS-2890 - 1 EA AS-3548A - 2 EA AS-3549A - 2 EA
ANTENNAS AS EA AS-3548A - 2 EA AS-3549A - 2 EA AS EA AS EA
AL 2250
AS-3549A
FR 0450
AR 1350
AS-3548A
FL 3150
AS-2890
AS 2890 OPERATES C-D BANDS
WT: 0.4 POUNDS (0.2 KILOS)
AS-3548A/49A (NEW ANTENNAS) OPERATES E-M BANDS
AS-3548A/49A POUNDS (0.28 KILOS) EA
AS-3548/49 (OLD ANTENNAS) OPERATES H-M BANDS
AS-3548/ POUNDS (0.28 KILOS) EA

11. DIGITAL PROCESSOR (CP-1597A)
COMPOSITION
1. TOP COVER WITH USER DATA MODULE (UDM)
2. MAIN PROCESSOR UNIT (MPU)
3. VIDEO PROCESSOR UNIT (VPU)
4. DISPLAY PROCESSOR UNIT (DPU)
5. ARTICULATED AUDIO UNIT (AAU)
6. BASE ASSEMBLY

12. DIGITAL PROCESSOR (CP-1597A)
1. USER DATA MODULE
EEPROM
STORES THREAT DATA
EASILY REPLACED
CAN BE REPROGRAMMED
2. MAIN PROCESSOR UNIT
8 BIT 8085 MICROPROCESSOR
CONTROLS SYSTEM OPERATION

13. DIGITAL PROCESSOR (CP-1597A)
3. VIDEO PROCESSOR UNIT
DIGITIZES VIDEO SIGNALS FROM RECEIVERS
COMPUTES AOA AND PULSE DURATION
4. DISPLAY PROCESSOR UNIT
RECEIVES DATA FROM MPU
CONVERTS THREAT DATA INTO SYMBOLOGY

14. DIGITAL PROCESSOR (CP-1597A)
5. ARTICULATED AUDIO UNIT
RECEIVES COMMANDS FROM MPU
GENERATES ARTICULATED AUDIO
THREAT IS DISPLAYED
CHANGE IN THREAT STATUS
SELF TEST
BASED ON NASA AMES HFE STUDY
6. BASE ASSEMBLY
CONTAINS POWER SUPPLY
C-D BAND RECEIVER
MUX BOARD

15. INSTALLATION INDICATOR BLADE ANTENNA PROCESSOR CONTROL UNIT RECEIVER
SPIRAL
ANTENNAS

16. SYSTEM OPERATION 1. AN/APR-39A(V)1 PROVIDES:
CONTINUOUS COVERAGE C-D AND E-M BANDS (H-M BANDS WITH OLD ANTENNAS)
DETECTION OF PULSED EMITTERS
DISPLAY OF EMITTERS
DIRECTION OF ARRIVAL OF EMITTERS
CORRELATION OF C-D BAND WITH EM BAND EMITTERS (H-M BANDS IF OLD ANTENNA EQUIPPED)
DISPLAY OF C-D BAND EMITTERS IF THERE IS NO CORRELATION WITH E-M BAND EMITTERS (H-M BANDS IF OLD ANTENNA EQUIPPED)
ARTICULATED AUDIO ALERTS
NOTE: DOES NOT PROVIDE RANGE DATA

17. TYPICAL RADAR PULSE PULSE REPETITION INTERVAL (PRI) A M P L I T U D E
TIME
PULSE WIDTH
(PW)
RADIO FREQUENCY (RF)

18. DEFINITIONS
PRI (PULSE REPETITION INTERVAL): THE TIME REQUIRED FOR A RADAR’S COMPLETE TRANSMISSION CYCLE. PUT ANOTHER WAY, IT IS THE TIME FROM THE COMMENCEMENT OF A PULSE OF ENERGY TO THE BEGINNING OF THE NEXT PULSE. PRI IS MEASURED IN MICROSECONDS.
SCAN TYPE: THE PATH OR MANNER IN WHICH A RADAR ENERGY BEAM OPERATES OR TRAVERSES IN A FREE STATE ENVIRONMENT. THERE ARE TWO BASIC CATEGORIES: SIMPLE AND COMPLEX.
SCAN RATE: THE TIME PERIOD IT TAKES TO COMPLETE ONE SCAN OR CYCLE OF THE ANTENNA. SCAN RATE IS MEASURED IN SECONDS OR HERTZ.

19. DEFINITIONS (CONT.)
PW (PULSE WIDTH OR PULSE DURATION): THE TIME A RADAR TRANSMITTER IS ‘ON’ OR RADIATING. PW IS MEASURED IN MICROSECONDS.
RF (RADIO FREQUENCY): IS THE NUMBER OF CYCLES THAT A RADIO WAVE COMPLETES IN A GIVEN PERIOD OF TIME, WHICH IS USUALLY ONE SECOND. IN TODAY’S EW ENVIRONMENT WE USE THE TERM ‘HERTZ’ (PER SECOND). THUS, ONE HERTZ EQUALS ONE CYCLE PER SECOND.
MDS (MISSION DATA SET); THE TERM USED TO DEFINE A SET OR GROUP OF KEY EMISSION PARAMETERS FOR EMITTERS OF INTEREST. THIS SET OF PARAMETRIC DATA IS LOADED (PROGRAMMED) IN A HIERARCHICAL OR PRIORITIZED SEQUENCE INTO SURVIVABILITY EQUIPMENT.

20. PULSE REPETITION INTERVALS
LONG:
ASSOCIATED WITH LONG RANGE RADARS; E.G., BAR LOCK, THIN SKIN, SPOON REST.
MEDIUM:
ASSOCIATED WITH WEAPON SYSTEM ACQUISITION RADARS; E.G., LOW BLOW, FAN SONG, FLAP WHEEL.
SHORT:
ASSOCIATED WITH WEAPON FIRE CONTROL RADARS OR SHORT RANGE NAVIGATION RADARS; E.G., SLOT BACK, LOW BLOW, DRUM TILT.

21. PULSE REPETITION CHARACTERISTICS
STABLE:
GOOD RANGE ACCURACY
HAS HARD TIME IN NATURAL / MAN-MADE INTERFERENCE, E.G., GROUND, SEA CLUTTER, JAMMING
USED IN MILITARY RADARS AND CIVILIAN SURVEILLANCE RADARS
STAGGERED:
USED TO CANCEL GROUND CLUTTER, RETURNS FROM CHAFF, SPECIFIC ELECTRONIC JAMMING
USED IN CIVILIAN AIRPORT SURVEILLANCE RADARS AND MILITARY RADARS
JITTERED:
USED TO CANCEL ELECTRONIC JAMMING
USUALLY USED WITH WEAPON-ASSOCIATED TRACKING RADARS
DWELL & SWITCH:
USED TO ELIMINATE BLIND SPEEDS
TECHNIQUE ASSOCIATED WITH NEWER MILITARY TA, TT RADARS
USED IN MILITARY SYSTEMS, AIRPORT SURVEILLANCE RADARS

22. SYSTEM OPERATION 2. UPON DETECTION DETERMINES: PRI
PRI AGILITY CHARACTERISTICS
SCAN CHARACTERISTICS
PULSE DURATION
DOES NOT USE RF AS A DISCRIMINATOR

23. SYSTEM OPERATION 3. UPON DETECTION:
COMPARES PARAMETERS WITH DATA IN MDS
IF A MATCH IS MADE, SYMBOLOGY AND AUDIO GENERATED
IF A MATCH IS NOT MADE, EMITTER IS CLASSIFIED AS UNKNOWN
ASSOCIATES A PRIORITY
TRACKS 10 HIGHEST PRIORITY SIGNALS
DISPLAYS 7 HIGHEST PRIORITY SIGNALS
C-D BAND CORRELATION

24. SYSTEM OPERATION 4. THREAT DISPLAY: ON DAY / NV CAPABLE SCOPE
USES ALPHA-NUMERIC SYMBOLOGY
LOCATION OF EMITTER DEPICTS “LETHALITY” - i.e., ACQUISITION, TRACK, LAUNCH
DISPLAYS STROBES FOR “SEARCHING” RADARS

25. SYSTEM OPERATION 5. COMPUTER CONTROL: THROUGH THE OFP
STORED IN THE UV PROM
INTERACTS WITH MDS
STORED IN EEPROM

26. AN/APR-39A(V)1 COCKPIT ACTIVATION PROCEDURES
CONTROL UNIT FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
PWR SWITCH
TWO-POSITION LOCKING TOGGLE SWITCH
ON (UP) FOR NORMAL OPERATION
OFF (DOWN) TO SECURE SYSTEM
MODE SWITCH
SELECTS SYNTHETIC AUDIO MESSAGE FORMAT
MODE 1 (UP) SELECTS NORMAL MESSAGE AUDIO
MODE 2 (DOWN) SELECTS TERSE (ABBREVIATED) MESSAGE AUDIO
TEST SWITCH
PRESS TEST PUSHBUTTON TO START SYSTEM SELF-TEST
AUDIO CONTROL
SETS SYNTHETIC VOICE AUDIO LEVEL (VOLUME) TO THE ICS

27. AN/APR-39A(V)1 COCKPIT ACTIVATION PROCEDURES
1. CHECK AN/APR-39A(V)1 CIRCUIT BREAKER IS IN
2. ADJUST AIRCRAFT PANEL DIMMER SWITCH

28. AN/APR-39A(V)1 COCKPIT ACTIVATION PROCEDURES
3. SET POWER SWITCH TO “ON”
4. VOICE: “APR-39 POWER UP”
5. ADJUST BRILLIANCE CONTROL TO DISPLAY “+”
6. SET MODE SWITCH FOR MESSAGE AUDIO - 1 OR 2
7. PRESS TEST BUTTON
8. VOICE: “SELF TEST SET VOLUME 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12” OR “SELF TEST SET VOLUME 5, 4, 3, 2, 1”

29. AN/APR-39A(V)1 COCKPIT ACTIVATION PROCEDURES
020.9
OFP VERSION NUMBER
023.9
018
MDS VERSION NUMBER
041
OFP SHOULD BE THE MOST UP-TO-DATE
MDS SHOULD BE CORRECT FOR THE AREA / UNIT / MISSION

30. AN/APR-39A(V)1 COCKPIT ACTIVATION PROCEDURES
NORMAL FWD RECEIVER
NO FAULTS * *
NORMAL INDICATION -
FLASHING INDICATES GROWTH
EQUIPMENT NOT INSTALLED * *
NORMAL AFT RECEIVER
NO FAULTS
PRE- OFP 023.9
WITH OFP 023.9
9. POSITIVE SELF-TEST: VOICE “APR 39 OPERATIONAL”
NEGATIVE SELF TEST: VOICE “APR 39 FAILURE”

31. AN/APR-39A(V)1 COCKPIT ACTIVATION PROCEDURES
FWD LEFT CHANNEL
FLASHING
FWD RECEIVER -
SINGLE CHANNEL FAULT DISPLAYED
AFT RIGHT AND LEFT CHANNELS
AFT RECEIVER -
TWO CHANNEL FAULT DISPLAYED
C-D BOX FLASHING
C-D BAND FAULT *
PRE- OFP 023.9
WITH OFP 023.9

32. AN/APR-39A(V)1 COCKPIT ACTIVATION PROCEDURES
FLASHING
STEADY P F
INDICATES PROCESSOR
PROBLEM / FAILURE
E.G. CORRUPT MDS UPLOAD
INDICATES BACKGROUND
BUILT-IN-TEST (BIT) FAILURE

33. AN/APR-39A(V)1 COCKPIT ACTIVATION PROCEDURES
INDICATOR FRONT PANEL CONTROLS
PRIMARY OUTPUT INTERFACE BETWEEN SYSTEM AND THE OPERATOR. STATE OF SYSTEM (SELF-TEST OR OPERATIONAL) AND STATE OF ENVIRONMENT (WHICH THREATS ARE PRESENT) ARE DISPLAYED ON INDICATOR.
MA LAMPS
MISSILE ALERT (MA) LAMPS ARE NOT USED IN AN/APR-39A(V)1 SYSTEM
BRIL CONTROL
SETS INDICATOR DISPLAY BRIGHTNESS
MA LAMP SWITCH
SELECTS DAY OR NIGHT MA LAMP
MA LAMP SWITCH NOT USED IN AN/APR-39A(V)1 SYSTEM
PLUS (+) SYMBOL WILL BE CENTERED ON INDICATOR DISPLAY DURING OPERATION AND SELF-TEST

34. OPERATION IN DENSE SIGNAL ENVIRONMENTS
DEGRADED PERFORMANCE
INDICATED BY FLASHING
+ SIGNAL
NORMAL SENSITIVITY RESTORED
INDICATED BY SOLID + SYMBOL
(NOT FLASHING)
SYNTHETIC VOICE MESSAGE
IS “THREAT DETECTION
DEGRADED”
WHEN NORMAL SENSITIVITY
IS RESTORED, SYNTHETIC
VOICE MESSAGE IS “THREAT
DETECTION RESTORED”
DENSE SIGNAL ENVIRONMENTS MAY CAUSE THE SYSTEM TO OPERATE IN A DEGRADED (LESS SENSITIVE) MODE. AS SIGNAL DENSITY (PULSES PER SECOND) INCREASES, THE SYSTEM THRESHOLD IS AUTOMATICALLY ADJUSTED UPWARDS. WITH THE SYSTEM THRESHOLD RAISED, SIGNALS BELOW THE NEW THRESHOLD WILL NOT BE PROCESSED. THE OPERATOR NEEDS TO KNOW WHEN THE SYSTEM IS OPERATING IN THIS LESS-SENSITIVE MODE. THE SYSTEM INFORMS THE OPERATOR BY FLASHING THE PLUS (+) SIGNAL AND THE SYNTHETIC VOICE MESSAGE “THREAT DETECTION DEGRADED.”
SYSTEM SENSITIVITY WILL AUTOMATICALLY RETURN TO NORMAL WHEN SIGNAL DENSITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT DECREASES. THE OPERATOR KNOWS THE SYSTEM IS BACK TO NORMAL WHEN THE PLUS (+) SYMBOL STOPS FLASHING. THE SYNTHETIC VOICE MESSAGE “THREAT DETECTION RESTORED” OCCURS WHEN SYSTEM SENSITIVITY RETURNS TO NORMAL.

35. OPERATION IN DENSE SIGNAL ENVIRONMENTS6 8 8

36. TEST EQUIPMENT 1. RADAR SIGNAL TEST ADAPTER (MX 9848A)
CAN BE USED FOR INTERMEDIATE / DEPOT MAINTENANCE
CAN BE USED FOR SOFTWARE DEBUGGING TOOL FOR INVESTIGATING SYSTEM-RELATED PROBLEMS AND ISOLATING TO A SPECIFIC LRU / SRU
CAN BE USED TO VERIFY SYSTEM INTEGRITY
HANDS-ON TRAINING FOR USERS

37. TEST EQUIPMENT 2. FLIGHT LINE TEST SET (SM674A)
PROVIDES RF SIGNALS FOR VERIFICATION
PROVIDES SIGNALS IN “D,” “I,” AND “K” BANDS
PROVIDES “SINGLE” FREQUENCY
END-TO-END SYSTEM TEST
PROVIDES ACTIVATION UP TO 20 FEET (6 METERS) FROM ANTENNAS
PROVIDES END-TO-END TEST

38. AN/APR-39A(V)1 CAPABILITY
GOOD: AS LONG AS YOU DON’T OVERLOAD IT!
REMEMBER -- THERE AIN’T MANY ?

39. HOW ARAT-TA PREPARES MISSION DATA SETS

40. INTRODUCTION GENERAL COMPARISON: REPROGRAMMING: JET vs LOW-SLOW
BLACK BOXES
“COST, CAPABILITIES,
REPROGRAMMING”
REPROGRAMMING:
EXERCISES
PEACETIME
COMBAT

41. REPROGRAMMING THREAT ANALYSIS
PROCESS OVERVIEW
PROCESS STEP
DETERMINE SYSTEM FOR REPROGRAMMING
DETERMINE COUNTRY OR REGION OF EMPLOYMENT
IDENTIFY THREATS IN THAT COUNTRY OR REGION
OBTAIN / ANALYZE THREAT PARAMETERS
DESIGNATE THE PARAMETERS TO BE REPROGRAMMED

42. THREAT FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
PROCESS
RESEARCH DATA BASE TO SEE WHAT
FUNCTION THE EMITTER PERFORMS,
I.E., HEIGHT FINDING, EARLY
WARNING, ETC.
PRODUCT
LISTING OF FUNCTION CODES
TO BE USED DURING SCREENING
EXAMPLES: FIRE CONTROL (FC)
TARGET ILLUMINATION (TI)
MISSILE GUIDANCE (MG)

43. REGIONAL TAILORING PROCESS PRODUCT ANALYSIS OF REGION TO BE USED
IN MISSION DATA SET PREPARATION
PRODUCT
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF
COUNTRIES TO BE INCLUDED
IN FIRST STAGE OF ANALYSIS
KOREAN PENINSULA
1 - XXXX
2 - XXXX

44. THREAT DATA ANALYSIS PROCESS PRODUCT REVIEW (ANALYZE) ALL COLLECTED
THREAT INFORMATION FOR ELNOTS,
MESSAGE TRAFFIC, AND DOCUMENTATION
PRODUCT
ELNOTS SELECTED
ELNOTS BY COUNTRY

45. THREAT DATA ANALYSIS PROCESS PRODUCT ITERATIVE FOR EACH REVIEW
LIST CONSOLIDATION (REDUCTION)
ELIMINATION OF ELNOTS BY
FUNCTION AND CAPABILITY
PRODUCT
OB / ELNOT LISTING
-- REGIONAL
-- ELNOT REDUCTION

46. PARAMETER DESIGNATION
PROCESS
ANALYSIS AND TRADE-OFFS
FINAL CONSOLIDATION OF ELNOTS
DETAILED EVALUATION OF THREAT
PARAMETERS FOR EACH SYSTEM
PARAMETER SELECTION FRAME
PRODUCT
PRIORITIZED THREAT (ELNOT) LISTING
RECOMMENDED PARAMETERS (BY
ELNOT, PRIORITY, AND SYMBOLOGY)
FOR CECOM-SEC EVALUATION AND
SYSTEM LOADING

47. AN/APR-39A(V)1 MDS GENERATION
THREAT INTELLIGENCE DATA
ANALYSIS
THREAT DATABASE
PROGRAMMED THREAT DATABASE
SYSTEM DATABASE
AMBIGUITY ANALYSIS
DEVELOPMENTAL TESTING
DRY RUN TESTING
FORMAL TESTING
CUSTOMER ACCEPTANCE
RELEASE
TEST
PROCEDURES
CODE
MDS

48. WHY THEATERIZE? MAKE INTELLIGENCE WORK
ONLY LOOK AT WHAT’S SHOOTING AT YOU
REDUCE THREAT AMBIGUITIES
REDUCE UNWARRANTED EVASIVE MANEUVERS / USE OF EXPENDABLES, ETC.
INCREASE AVIATOR CONFIDENCE IN SYSTEM

49. AN/APR-39A(V)1 COCKPIT DISPLAYS
NAME SYMBOL AUDIO AVAILABLE
GUN YES
ZSU YES
TWO NO
THREE NO
FOUR YES
FIVE NO
SIX YES
SEVEN NO
EIGHT YES
NINE NO
ZERO NO
ONE NO
LASER * YES
HELICOPTER YES
NULL NO
F F NO
FIXED WING YES
CIRCLE O YES
SQUARE NO
DIAMOND NO
DOT l NO
UNKNOWN U YES
MISSILE YES

50. MOST USED DISPLAY CLASSIFICATIONS
AN/APR-39A(V)1
MOST USED DISPLAY CLASSIFICATIONS 6 4
(GHOSTING) U

51. PARAMETERS AND PRIORITY
DETERMINE SYMBOLOGY
1-52d AVN REGT MISSION DATA SET HAS 3 EMITTERS PROGRAMMED:
1. ELNOT A: PRI PRIORITY 1 PD SYMBOL: WING
2. ELNOT B: PRI PRIORITY 2 PD SYMBOL: GUN
3. ELNOT C: PRI PRIORITY 3 PD SYMBOL: 6

52. PARAMETERS AND PRIORITY DETERMINE SYMBOLOGY
ELNOT A
“WING”
PRIORITY 1
WING
WING
PULSE
DURATION
(PD)
WING
WING
WING
PULSE REPETITION INTERVAL (PRI)

53. PARAMETERS AND PRIORITY DETERMINE SYMBOLOGY
ELNOT B
“GUN”
PRIORITY 2
GUN
GUN
PULSE
DURATION
(PD)
GUN
PULSE REPETITION INTERVAL (PRI)

54. PARAMETERS AND PRIORITY DETERMINE SYMBOLOGY
ELNOT B
“GUN”
PRIORITY 2
ELNOT A
“WING”
PRIORITY 1
GUN
GUN
WING
WING
PULSE
DURATION
(PD)
WING
WING
WING
GUN
PULSE REPETITION INTERVAL (PRI)

55. PARAMETERS AND PRIORITY DETERMINE SYMBOLOGY
ELNOT C
“6”
PRIORITY 3
“6”
PULSE
DURATION
(PD)
PULSE REPETITION INTERVAL (PRI)

56. PARAMETERS AND PRIORITY DETERMINE SYMBOLOGY
ELNOT C
“6”
PRIORITY 3
ELNOT B
“GUN”
PRIORITY 2
ELNOT A
“WING”
PRIORITY 1
“6”
GUN
GUN
WING
WING
WING
WING
PULSE
DURATION
(PD)
WING
WING
WING
GUN
PULSE REPETITION INTERVAL (PRI)

57. MDS ___ HOW & WHY PLATFORM CHARACTERISTICS AND PROFILE
MULTIPLE EMITTER TYPES:
EW, GCI, HF, RO, PA, GA, TA, TT, MG, FC, AA, ETC.
THREATS TO PLATFORM:
AIR, SAM, AAA, NAVAL
RSDS CAPABILITIES & LIMITATIONS
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE
EMITTERS DISTILLED DOWN TO ‘DIRECT THREAT’ TO PLATFORM -- EVEN THOSE WE CANNOT DETECT / IDENTIFY.
EMITTER PRIORITIES:
1. AAA
2. MID RANGE SAM TRACKERS
3. MISSILE GUIDANCE (C-D BAND)
4. LONG RANGE SAM TRACKERS
5. AIRBORNE

58. MDS ___ HOW & WHY (CONT) EMITTER PRIORITIES (OTHER FACTORS):
1. # OF RADARS AND ASSOCIATED WEAPONS
2. LOCATION OF EMITTERS AND ASSOCIATED WEAPONS
SELECTED SYMBOLOGY FOR WEAPONS:
4 : LONG RANGE SAM
6 : MEDIUM RANGE SAM
: AIRCRAFT
: GUN
EMITTERS NOT INCLUDED:
1. SQUARE PAIR
2. TOP BOW

59. AVIATOR KNEEBOARD CARDS / SHEETS
DEVELOPED AS MISSION PLANNING/INFLIGHT AID FOR PILOTS
MDS VERSION-SPECIFIC
LISTS EACH EMITTER AND POSSIBLE SYMBOLS
ADDITIONAL INFO: E.G., AN/AAR-47, AN/AVR-2
REQUIRES USE WITH MDS PERTINENT NOTES

60. KNEEBOARD CARD UNCLASSIFIED * AN/APR-39A(V)1
NOTES:
1. (U) AN/AAR-47 MISSILE WARNING SYSTEM (MWS). IF THE MWS IS INTEGRATED WITH THE AN/APR-39A(V)1 RSDS ON YOUR AIRCRAFT, UPON MWS DETECTION OF A MISSILE LAUNCH, THE RSDS WILL DISPLAY THE “SPADE” SYMBOL ENCLOSED BY A FLASHING BOX -- IN ADDITION TO ANY OTHER THREAT SYMBOLS (RF AND/OR LASER THREATS) SHOWN.
2. (U) AN/AVR-2 OR -2A(V) LASER DETECTING SET (LDS). IF THE LDS IS INTEGRATED WITH THE AN/APR-39A(V)1 RSDS ON YOUR AIRCRAFT, UPON LDS DETECTION OF A LASER SIGNAL, THE RSDS WILL DISPLAY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING SYMBOLS -- IN ADDITION TO ANY OTHER THREAT SYMBOLS SHOWN:
LASER BEAMRIDER
LASER DESIGNATOR
LASER RANGEFINDER
PAGE 1 OF 2
1 AAA GUN DISH TV
2 SAM LAND ROLL IS
3 SAM DOG BREATH CA
4 SAM ROLAND IS
5 AAA BIG WHEEL AL
6 AAA SKYGUARD ME
7 SAM FLAP WHEEL ME
8 SAM DING DONG ME
9 SAM AN/MPQ-88 CA
10 P-51 MEADOW LARK UN 5 1 9 *
PAGE 2 OF 2
AN/APR-39A(V)1
MDS 513, LAKE MICHIGAN, 4 FEB 1997
LOW ALTITUDE ONLY
UNCLASSIFIED
PRI THREAT SYMBOL(S)

61. KNEEBOARD SHEET ******************************
***** UNCLASSIFIED *****
AN/APR-39A(V)1
PRIORITIZED THREAT LIST FOR
MISSION DATA SET: 513
LAKE MICHIGAN
02/04/97
PRI THREAT NAME & FUNC SYMBOL(S)
1. AAA GUN DISH TV CIRCLE(FB)
2. SAM LAND ROLL IS (FB)
3. SAM DOG BREATH CA 5
4. SAM ROLAND IS (FB), 5(B)
5. AAA BIG WHEEL AL
6. AAA SKYGUARD ME (B)
7. SAM FLAP WHEEL ME CIRCLE(B), 5
8. SAM DING DONG ME (B)
9. SAM AN/MPQ-88 CA
10. P-51 MEADOW LARK UN SQUARE
NOTE: ‘SPADE(FB)’ SYMBOL INDICATES MISSILE LAUNCH
(IF AN/AAR-47 INSTALLED)
NOTE: *(FB) INDICATES LASER BEAMRIDER
*(B) INDICATES LASER DESIGNATOR
* INDICATES LASER RANGEFINDER
(IF AN/AVR-2 OR -2A(V) INSTALLED)
LEGEND:
(FB): FLASHING BOX AROUND SYMBOL
(B): STEADY BOX AROUND SYMBOL
(ARAT-TA 02/04/97)
513LIST.TXT

62. MDS 041 PERTINENT NOTES
REFER TO CLASSIFIED VIEWGRAPH

63. AN/APR-39A(V)1 USER DATA MODULE
MISSION DATA

64. AN/APR-39A(V)1 CHANGES 1. NEW SPIRAL BANDWITH ANTENNAS: E - M BAND
2. NEW OFP (023.9): CURRENTLY FIELDED TO ALL USERS
- RS-485 ACTIVATION
- NEW SCAN TYPES
- FIX SOFTWARE PROBLEMS
- AVR-2 AND AAR-47 INTEGRATION
- IMPROVED PULSE DEINTERLEAVING
3. MULTI-SERVICE ELECTRONIC WARFARE BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM (EGLIN AFB)

65. INSTALLATION ANOMALIES
1. INCORRECT ANTENNA INSTALLATION
2. INCORRECT TORQUING OF SMA’s
3. INCORRECT GROUNDING OF UNITS
4. “SHORTING” OF SMA WIRES
5. LACK OF “BIT” KNOWLEDGE
6. LACK OF TEST EQUIPMENT KNOWLEDGE

66. AN/APR-39A(V)1 AND THE MSEWBBS
EXAMPLE:
- GO TO APR39AV1 LIBRARY ON MSEWBBS
1. REVIEW FILE “INF39AV1.TXT”: THIS IS AN/APR-39A(V)1 SYSTEM INFORMATION FILE. IT CONTAINS:
-- MDS NUMBERS, MDS STRUCTURE, DOWNLOAD INFO, RSDS DESCRIPTION, MLV SOFTWARE

67. AN/APR-39A(V)1 AND THE MSEWBBS (CONT)
EXAMPLE:
2. DOWNLOAD FILE “MDS041.EXE”. IT CONTAINS:
-- 041HEX.UDM: ACTUAL MDS IN HEX FORMAT; LOADED WITH A LAPTOP.
-- 041LIST.TXT: KNEEBOARD SHEETS LISTING THREATS / SYMBOLS IN TEXT FORMAT.
-- 041NOTES.TXT: EXPANDED INFORMATION ON THE THREATS/SYMBOLS.
-- 041KNEE.PPT: KNEEBOARD CARDS SHOWING THREATS / SYMBOLS IN GRAPHIC FORMAT. (YOU NEED POWERPOINT 95 OR NEWER).
-- 041HEX.HEX: ACTUAL MDS IN HEX FORMAT; LOADED WITH A MLV.
-- 041FLAG.TXT: SPECIAL INFORMATION FOR THE AIR FORCE INFORMATION WARFARE CENTER. NOT APPLICABLE TO UNITS.

68. UPLOADING THE MDS
YOU NEED A ‘REPROGRAMMING KIT’ (SOFTWARE, CABLE ASSEMBLY, AND INSTRUCTIONS) AND A LAPTOP COMPUTER WHICH IS CLEARED FOR PROCESSING CLASSIFIED DATA.
PER THE KIT’S INSTRUCTION SHEET, TRANSFER THE MDS FILE VIA FLOPPY DISK TO THE LAPTOP, THEN LOAD IT TO THE AIRCRAFT’S AN/APR-39A(V)1 PROCESSOR.
NOTE: PRESENTLY, REPROGRAMMING MUST BE DONE COMPLETELY IN DOS -- IT WILL NOT WORK IN WINDOWS OR FROM THE DOS SHELL WITHIN WINDOWS.

69. FRIENDLY QUIZ
1. AN/APR 39A(V)1 RSDS CAN IDENTIFY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPE EMITTERS:
A. IR
B. CW
C. LASER
D. PULSE
2. AN/APR 39A(V)1 RSDS (OLD SPIRAL ANTENNAS) COVERS WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING FREQUENCY BANDS:
A. A/B, G - M
B. B/C, G - M
C. B/C, H - M
D. C/D, H - M
3. AN/APR 39A(V)1 IMPROVED SPIRAL ANTENNAS COVER WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING FREQUENCY BANDS:
A. G - M
B. H - M
C. C - D
D. E - M

70. FRIENDLY QUIZ (cont) “X” 4. AN/APR 39A(V)1 PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING:
A. ALPHANUMERIC SYMBOLOGY
B. ARTICULATED AUDIO
C. CW ALERTS
D. A AND B
5. A FRIENDLY EMITTER LOADED INTO THE AN/APR 39A(V)1 MISSION DATA SET HAS THE FOLLOWING PARAMETER VALUES AND SYMBOLOGY:
PRI
SCAN - 2 PD
A HOSTILE EMITTER WITH THE FOLLOWING PARAMETER VALUES ILLUMINATES YOUR AH-64,
WHAT SYMBOL WILL BE DISPLAYED ON YOUR CRT?
A. F
B. G
C. H
D. X
“X”

71. FRIENDLY QUIZ (cont)
6. THERE ARE _______ ANTENNAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE AN/APR-39A(V)1 INSTALLED ON THE OH-58D:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
7. THE PILOT-ACTIVATED PRESS-TO-TEST BIT:
A. IS AN END-TO-END SYSTEM TEST
B. IS USED TO TEST ALL THE ELECTRONIC SURVIVABILITY EQUIPMENT INSTALLED ON THE AH-64
C. IS USED TO TEST THE ANTENNAS
D. IS ONLY DESIGNED TO TEST THE IP 1150A (CRT), PROCESSOR, CONTROL UNIT AND RECEIVER INTERFACE
8. “GHOSTING” IS:
A. DESIGNED TO SCARE THE AIRCREWS
B. DESIGNED ONLY FOR THREAT SYSTEMS
C. DESIGNED ONLY FOR FRIENDLY SYSTEMS
D. TO INFORM THE AIRCREW THAT THE EMITTER LOCKED ON THE
UH-60L IS NO LONGER TRACKING THEM

72. FRIENDLY QUIZ (cont)
9. THE AN/APR-39A(V)1 DIGITAL PROCESSOR USES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS TO IDENTIFY EMITTERS ILLUMINATING THE AH-64:
A. RADIO FREQUENCY (RF)
B. INFRARED ENERGY (IR)
C. CONTINUOUS WAVE (CW)
D. PULSE REPETITION INTERVAL (PRI)
10. THE AN/APR-39A(V)1 WILL GIVE THE AIRCREW THE FOLLOWING DATA:
A. RANGE INFO TO AN EMITTER
B. TOP TWENTY EMITTERS ILLUMINATING THE CH-47
C. ANY IR SAMS ILLUMINATING THE CH-47
D. TOP SEVEN HIGHEST PRIORITY EMITTERS
11. THE AN/APR-39A(V)1 IN A DENSE SIGNAL ENVIRONMENT WILL ISSUE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MESSAGES:
A. “OH SH__T.”
B. “THIS SYSTEM IS DEGRADED.”
C. “DEGRADED, DEGRADED, DEGRADED.”
D. “THREAT DETECTION DEGRADED,” “THREAT DETECTION RESTORED.”

73. FRIENDLY QUIZ (cont)
12. DIRECTION OF ARRIVAL FOR AN EMITTER IN C-D BAND IS PROVIDED ON
IP-1150A SYMBOLOGY:
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
13. THE AN/APR-39A(V)1 CAN DETECT AND IDENTIFY PULSE DOPPLER, LOOK DOWN/SHOOT DOWN RADARS:
14. THE AN/APR-39A(V)1 MODE SWITCH 1 AND 2, CHANGES THE THREAT PRIORITIES IN THE MISSION DATA SET:
15. THE OFP CAN BE REPROGRAMMED WITH THE MLV KIT:

74. FRIENDLY QUIZ (cont)
16. AT THE PRESENT TIME, THE AN/APR-39A(V)1 AND THE AN/AAR-47 MISSILE WARNING SYSTEM ARE INTEGRATED FOR THREAT DISPLAY ON ARL PLATFORMS:
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
17. NAME THE ONE LONG RANGE RF SAM IN-THEATER THAT THE AN/APR-39A(V)1 CANNOT DETECT OR IDENTIFY:
A. ____________ ________
18. BONUS QUESTION. THE AN/APR-39A(V)1 CAN IDENTIFY AND DISPLAY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING RADARS:
A. SPOON REST
B. TALL KING
C. KNIFE REST
D. NONE OF THE ABOVE