1. Health Policy VIVIAN HO, PH.D. BAKER INSTITUTE CHAIR IN HEALTH ECONOMICS DIRECTOR, CENTER FOR HEALTH AND BIOSCIENCES PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS, RICE UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE AT BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE

2. Position on Obamacare NY Times

3. Bush’s Obamacare Alternative  Provide a tax credit to purchase health plans.  Extend the tax exclusion on employer-provided health insurance to individual purchasers.  Cap the tax exclusion on employer- provider insurance ($12k individuals, $30k families).  Increase the contribution limits and uses for HSAs; Allow low-cost catastrophic health insurance.

4. Cruz’s Obamacare Alternative  Expand health savings accounts.  Open insurance markets across state lines.  Delink health insurance from employers.  Allow low-cost catastrophic health insurance.

5. Kasich’s Obamacare Alternative  Adopt the Ohio model:  patient-centered care  choices  market competition  decentralized decision-making  higher quality  respect for individuals

6. Rubio’s Obamacare Alternative  Refundable tax credits to purchase health insurance that would increase each year.  Offer federal support for state-based “actuarially-sound” high-risk pools for people who have preexisting health conditions.  Open insurance markets across state lines.  Increase the contribution limits for HSAs.

7. Trump’s Obamacare Alternative  Open insurance markets across state lines.  Provide assistance to people who can't afford to pay for health care.

8. Clinton’s Obamacare Adjustments  Require insurers to cap out-of-pocket drug spending at $250 per month.  Lower out-of-pocket costs like deductibles and copays.  Increase price transparency so people understand how much their health care costs.  Enforce anti-trust laws to investigate mergers and consolidations of providers and insurers.  Strengthen state authority to block excessive insurer rate increases.

9. Sander’s Obamacare Alternative  Replace with a “Medicare-for-all” single-payer system that would provide all Americans with comprehensive health services.  Government sets reimbursement rates.  No private health insurance, except for supplemental coverage.  6.2% payroll tax to pay for the program.

10. Bush on Medicare  Replace current program with premium support - vouchers to buy coverage from private insurers.  Allow seniors to have Health Savings Accounts.

11. Republicans on Medicare  Cruz: Raise eligibility age from 65. Replace current program with premium support.  Rubio: Preserve traditional Medicare for current beneficiaries. Transition future generations into a premium-support system. Rubio:

12. Republicans on Medicare  Trump: Preserve Medicare by growing the economy.  Kasich: ?

13. Clinton on Medicare  Opposes privatization.  Move away from a fee-for-service payment toward bundled payment in order to reduce doctors' incentive to order more tests and procedures.  Require drug makers to provide rebates to low- income Medicare enrollees equal to those offered under the Medicaid program.

14. Sanders on Medicare  Expand the program to insure every American under a single-payer system.  Close the Medicare prescription drug coverage gap (also known as the “donut hole”) by 2017, 3 years earlier than current law.

15. Bush on Medicaid  Has not said clearly what he would do as president. As Florida’s governor, he privatized Medicaid. Cost per recipient fell, but utilization and quality metrics fell too.

16. Republicans on Medicaid  Cruz: Opposes Medicaid expansion under Obamacare.  Rubio: Move the program into a state block- grant system based on population, allowing states to run the program without federal oversight. Rubio:

17. Republicans on Medicaid  Trump: Says the government must provide assistance to those in need. "I will make a deal with existing hospitals to take care of these people...The government's going to pay for it, but we're going to save so much money on the other side...” Trump:  Kasich: Expanded Medicaid in Ohio. Kasich:

18. Democrats on Medicaid  Clinton: Supports state expansion of Medicaid under Obamacare. She supports a move away from fee-for-service payment toward bundled payment.  Sanders: Until a universal health care plan is passed, expand and improve the program for low-income families.

19. For another perspective…