1. FILE SHARING TECHNOLOGIES By R. Li Casanova COSC 352-001

2. File Sharing : Topics For Discussion History: What started it all? Examination of Major Network Technologies: How did we share then? How are we sharing currently? The Outcome of Mass Media Distribution: What impacts have there been? What does it all mean for us? File Sharing Technology

3. What started it all? Through the ages, people have always been motivated by the need to share information. 3 Three Things fuel the evolution of file sharing technology:  Existence of information we desire to obtain.  Evolving technologies make mass distribution of info possible.  We want info or data someone else is willing to share. File Sharing Technology

4. The History of File Sharing 1972 – IBM Creates the 8” Floppy Diskette People begin to share data through transportable media (sneaker net) (And some people complain about the size of thumb drives.) [Photo: schmoller.net] File Sharing Technology

5. The History of File Sharing 1979 – UseNet is developed (Duke University Graduate Students) A precursor to modern-day forums and blogs. (No – Friendster is not the grandfather of Facebook.) Usenet provided: Newsgroups: threaded discussions allowing binary code. This was revolutionary because users could post binary files and the files could subsequently be “downloaded” / reconstructed. Network file sharing gains an outlet. File Sharing Technology

6. The History of File Sharing How Usenet works: Distributed computer interfacing system Variant NNTP protocol: Server / Client-Server comm Loop control handled by trace list and Message ID list Images: http://people.dsv.su.se/~jpalme/e-mail-book/usenet-news.htmlhttp://people.dsv.su.se/~jpalme/e-mail-book/usenet-news.html File Sharing Technology

7. The History of File Sharing 1981 – MP3 compression is developed in Germany. Lossless compression algorithm used to reduce audio file size and preserve quality. This is a groundbreaking technology: nothing has compelled the evolution of file sharing technology more than music! A song distributed pre-1997:.wav format, 50MB+++ MP3: 3-5MB (or less, dependent on quality) File Sharing Technology

8. The History of File Sharing Mid 90’s – IRC Chat IRC Used TCP/IP, the Internet, to facilitate live chat. IRC Servers connected to each other for expansion of the IRC network. Why is IRC important? Well, it fueled the fire of the desire for people to social network via chat, and people also used IRC to distribute files! Even MP3s were later transferred over IRC. File Sharing Technology

9. The History of File Sharing 1998 – The MP3 Revolution FTP initially favored for file transfer of MP3s MP3.com Hosted indexed MP3s by independent artists Legal, free - yet still controversial! Audiogalaxy MP3 index/search engine. Started off as a simple peer-to-peer search utility, but was used to share copyrighted MP3s. File Sharing Technology

10. The History of File Sharing How FTP works: TCP/IP used for data transfer: usually file UL/DL User connects to server; Files transferred in ASCII. User’s FTP client issues commands to server. Connections limited by bandwidth. Image: ehow.comehow.com File Sharing Technology

11. File Sharing Network Technology 1999 – Napster by Shawn Fanning First Peer-to-Peer system Napster’s ONLY goal was to make finding and downloading MP3s easier! Servers facilitated this. File Sharing Technology Server Based NetworkP2P Based Network

12. File Sharing Network Technology 2000 – The Gnutella Protocol A file sharing network decentralized in nature. Techniques employed: Connection propagation Bootstrapping Ultrapeer nodes decentralized network: little to no server intervention File Sharing Technology

13. File Sharing Network Technology What was the difference between Napster’s network and the Gnutella Network topologies? Openp2p.com This was key in determining legal/illegal network logical and physical structure. File Sharing Technology

14. File Sharing Network Technology 2001 – FastTrack (Kazaa, Morpheus, Grokster) P2P. Supernode decentralized network. Supernode: any node in the network that also functions as a connection proxy server / relay. The use of supernodes to increase efficiency in the decentralized network topology set FastTrack apart from Gnutella. File Sharing Technology

15. File Sharing Network Technology 2001 – Bitorrent Peer-to-peer. Revolutionized File Sharing Massive files transferred efficiently. How does it work? --Seeding --Exponential connection gathering Users now share more than just music! File Sharing Technology

16. File Sharing Technology Impacts Recent studies suggest that Bittorrent accounts for 27- 55% of ALL internet traffic?! What the…what? Consider these other impacts: Internet users possess infinite control. Expression is limited only by imagination. The War of Copyright and Intellectual Property All aspects of the economy influenced by users’ unparalleled methods of distribution. Ethics – our duty as Network Admins to protect our precious data?? File Sharing Technology

17. File Sharing: Then to Now Facts to Remember: Network Technology for file sharing has been greatly impacted by the endgame: Music, Movies, social networks. It continues to change based on multimedia user demand. ARPANET, USENET, FTP, Gnutella, Bittorrent: All either influenced, evolved, or discarded by the interested parties using them to share files. File Sharing Technology

18. References "Distributed Systems Topologies: Part 1 - O'Reilly Media." OpenP2P.com. Web. 01 Mar. 2010.. "File Sharing." Wikipedia. Web. 22 Feb. 2010.. "How the Usenet News Protocols Work." People.dsv.su.se. Web. 01 Mar. 2010.. "Internet Relay Chat Protocol." RFC-Editor Webpage. Web. 02 Mar. 2010.. "Internet Relay Chat." Wikipedia. Web. 02 Mar. 2010.. "The IRC Prelude." Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Help. Web. 02 Mar. 2010.. "On the Long-term Evolution of the Two-Tier Gnutella Overlay." Daniel Stutzbach. Web. "Regarding Gnutella - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)." The GNU Operating System. Web. 02 Mar. 2010.. "Using Usenet - Useful Tool or Dead Technology?" Lippeatt.com. Web. 22 Feb. 2010.. "What Is Usenet." Usenet.com. Web. 22 Feb. 2010..