1. KRJ Planning and Research-- We plan learning environments as comfortable, resource-efficient knowledge incubators. Control over… Air temperature Radiant temperature Draft, air movement Air quality Daylighting View to the outside …allows students freedom to explore --and saves money— (how?)

2. Three Keys to Reducing Utility Bills HVAC--Heats, Ventilates, Cools Make improvements to all three: Envelope— Roof, walls, windows, foundation. Internal Heat Gain—Lights, computers, etc.

3. But First, …a little about heat flow Conduction Radiant Convection

4. Heat Flows in Three Ways: It conducts through material… Wear Mittens to prevent too much conduction of heat to your hands This is the same type of heat that flows through walls. Mittens also protect against cold.

5. Heat Flows in Three Ways: It radiates through space… Heat radiates from the oven to your face and chest Heat radiation makes you feel warm when the sun shines on you; it radiates through space. Coolness works the same way— walk through a cave

6. Heat Flows in Three Ways: It travels by convection in the air… Air rises out of the oven by convection You can see this as a sort of shimmering at the door of the oven or over asphalt on a hot day. Convection also works with a cold window.

7. So, What does this mean in buildings? Energy efficiency makes human comfort Human comfort leaves us open to contemplate the broader issues in a learning environment knowledge incubator

8. Conduction …of heat through a wall on a hot day or a cool day is retarded by insulation This allows a more temperate environment inside.

9. Radiant …warm walls, floors, ceilings can make a room feel warmer on a cool day. …however, a cold window can radiate cold into the room. Low-E (emissivity) glass can mitigate this.

10. Convection …of cold air moving down a window on a cold day This can make the room drafty. Also, warm air can rise in a room, making the ceiling hotter and the floor colder.

11. Students comfortable, and ready to explore …winter, spring, summer and fall

12. Daylighting …from morning to evening, the color of the light changes naturally, establishes the rhythm of the day Research has shown that this improves learning http://h-m- g.com/projects/daylighting/projects-PIER.htm

16. Daylighting …from morning to evening, the color of the light changes naturally, establishes the rhythm of the day Research has shown that this improves learning

18. Three Keys to Reducing Utility Bills HVAC--Heats, Ventilates, Cools Make improvements to all three: Envelope— Roof, walls, windows, foundation. Internal Heat Gain—Lights, computers, etc.