1. Foreign Policy Troubles 22.3

2. Ford Continues Nixon’s Foreign Policies Pursuing Détente: Helsinki Accords Signed by Carter + Brezhnev Protection of human rights SALT II Limit arms productions

3. Trouble Under Ford in Southeast Asia Khmer Rouge: 2 million ppl genocide when they took over Vietnam falls US, war weary, declines to help Boat People refugees from Vietnam 1.5 MM Largest mass migration of ppl by sea in modern history

4. Carter Changes Course Carter announces that his foreign policy will be guided by human rights End political repression, torture, murder, imprisonment w/o trial BUT this uncut goal of improving relations w/ Soviet Union

5. Relations With the Soviet Union Cool December 1979 – Soviet Union invades Afghanistan to support the communists Carter withdraws from SALT II Imposes sanctions on trade & boycotts 1980 Moscow Olympics Communism begins new era of expansion…

6. Carter Supports Human Rights in the Developing World Developing World: Poor nations of Africa, Asia, + Latin America Nicaragua – Carter cuts US support to ruling Somoza family for violations of human rights. 1979: Sandinista rebels overthrow the Somozan dictator, install Communist style gov’t Socialism growing in Central America, Asia Africa, S. America

7. Mixed Results in Latin America Castro & Carter negotiate deal to let Cuban political exiles leave Cuba for the US (Mariel Boatlift) Castro empties his prisons into the US (Movie Scarface) Carter’s most controversial foreign policy: Jimmy Carter negotiated to return canal to Panamanian control in 1999 Panama broke away from Columbia in US aided revolution in 1903 (T. Roosevelt) US given canal zone for its role until Carter… Worried American shipping + national security would be threatened

8. A Bright Spot for Carter: The Camp David Accords Egypt, the most powerful Arab state, had led attacks against US supported Israel since 1948 Invites leaders of both countries to Camp David (presidential retreat) ∴ Camp David Accords: Carter brokers deal, Israel gives Sinai Peninsula for Egyptian Peace + Egypt formally recognized Israel First Arab state to do so Anwar Sadat of Egypt, Jimmy Carter and Menachem Begin of Israel

9. Trouble for Carter in Iran U.S. helped the Iranian Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi completely Westernize Iran Skyscrapers, foreign banks, modern factories Millions of Iranians still lived in poverty ∴ a religious opposition rose, led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Forced the Shah (who was also dying of cancer) to leave after a massive uprising

10. Khomeini’s Anti-U.S. Policies Khomeini returned Iran to a religious state Strictly enforced Islam U.S. took in the shah + gave him medical help Caused an uprising in Iran in 1979 Radical nationalist students stormed the U.S. Embassy in Iran taking 66 Americans hostage Held for 444 days (Movie Argo) Carter failed to release them

11. Rescue Plan Goes Wrong Carter orders Special Forces to save captives Helicopters crash in a desert sand storm Ayatollah seen as victorious, US weak Finally, released just hours after Reagan was sworn in.

12. Add in the Environmental Problems

13. The Malaise Speech - 1979 Effort to rally sour American mood Claims we are all glum + down in the dumps, but could be great again Seen as desperate, negative & defeatist Rallies Republicans. Encouraged Americans to conserve oil + limit purchase of consumer goods. = decrease dependence on foreign countries