1. Thinking Good articles: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/07/science/07brain.html?pagewante d=2&_r=0&ref=science https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cO5DLbpp3-M https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6TJLVgl0yo

2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zm5nUEG5Bjo http://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_cr eativity.html http://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_cr eativity.html Take out a piece of paper 1. Reaction to above. (agree or disagree with his thesis— explain). 2.What is creativity or critical thinking? 3. Give me an example or when you were creative or when used critical thinking. 4. Title next section Marshmallow Challenge

3. Tom Wujec’s Marshmallow challenge In 18 minutes, build the largest freestanding structure using: 20 sticks of spaghetti 1 yard of string 1 yard of tape 1 Marshmallow

4. Marshmallow challenge: Instructions Build the Tallest Freestanding Structure: The winning team is the one that has the tallest structure measured from the table top surface to the top of the marshmallow. That means the structure cannot be suspended from a higher structure, like a chair, ceiling or chandelier. The Entire Marshmallow Must be on Top: The entire marshmallow needs to be on the top of the structure. Cutting or eating part of the marshmallow disqualifies the team. Use as Much or as Little of the Material: The team can use as many or as few of the 20 spaghetti sticks, as much or as little of the string or tape. The team cannot use the paper bag as part of their structure. Break up the Spaghetti, String or Tape: Teams are free to break the spaghetti, cut up the tape and string to create new structures. The Challenge Lasts 18 minutes: Teams cannot hold on to the structure when the time runs out. Those touching or supporting the structure at the end of the exercise will be disqualified.

5. After the Challenge In your group, A.Bullet reasons that explain why certain groups were more successful B.Bullet reasons why certain groups were unsuccessful. C.In your opinion, what are the characteristics of a creative problem solver?

6. What are the Problems? There are many but include: Collaboration/Group Dynamics (who are you working with, does everyone have a role, do some care, motivation?) The Commentator The Comedian The Observer/Outsider The Critic Organization (how did you go about solving the problem?) Hopeful in the face of chaos Lack of buy in Anxiety Do you have the background or experience to tackle the problems Did you get stuck, did you look at the problem in different ways

7. Why do some people do better than others?

8. Kindergarteners do Better than Business Students: On virtually every measure of innovation, kindergarteners create taller and more interesting structures than business students Why? kids spend more time playing and prototyping, trying different designs, at the beginning). The Business School students spend a vast amount of time planning, then executing on the plan, with almost no time to fix the design once they put the marshmallow on top. But this is essentially a problem about critical thinking

9. Adding on to Thinking Intuition (making quick judgments based on feelings, experience, personal nature, etc.) can be good, quick, efficient evaluation, but often times, very bad. a bat and a ball costs $1:10, the bat cost $1:00 more than the ball—how much does the ball cost. A man bought a horse for $60 and sold it for 70, he bought it again for 80 and sold for 90-- much did he make in the horse buying business? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBPG_OBgTWg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWSxSQsspiQ#t=72

10. So to get ready for the thinking component, I would like you to try and solve the following 4 problems. But I would like you to A) solve the problem and B) Describe how you figured it out. Thanks.

11. Problem set 1: Problem 1: Three playing cards are placed, face down, on a table. Hints : 1) A jack is to the left of a queen. 2) To the left of a spade is a diamond. 3) A king is left of a heart. 4) A spade is right of a king. Question: Identify the cards. Problem 2: Ten $5.00 bills, ten $10.00 bills and ten $20.00 bills are in a box. A blind-folded person must remove the bills from the box. The contest ends when a person removes three same bills (example: three$5.00 bills). Question: What is the most amount of money a person can remove from the box ? Problem 3: A right-handed glove is inverted, inside out. The glove can now be worn on the left hand. Question: Is the material that was touching the palm of the right hand now touching the palm or the top of the left hand? Problem 4: A knight wanted to visit a princess. He had to arrive at exactly 17h00. If he travelled at 15 km per hour, he would arrive one hour too early. If he travelled at 10 km per hour, he would arrive one hour too late. Questions : 1- At what time did he leave? 2- What distance did he travel? 3- At what speed did he travel?

12. More for Kicks and Giggles 32 = D. at which W. F. 4 + 20 = B. B. B. in a P. 29 = D. in F. in a L. Y. 7 = Y. of B. L. for B. a M. 15 = M. of F. per P., A. to A. W.

13. Problem Set 3: This exercise is based on forming associations. You are presented with 3 words and asked to find a fourth that is related to all 3. For instance, paint, doll and cat. What connects them all? The answer in this case is house…house paint, dollhouse, housecat. Cheer and good luck 1.Call Pay Line 2.End Burning Blue 3.Man Hot Sure 4.Stick Hair Ball 5.Blue Cake Cottage 6.Man Wheel High 7.Motion Poke Down 8.Line Birthday Surprise 9.Wood Liquor Luck 10.House Village Golf

14. Problem set 4: These are picture puzzle problems. An example is What is it? A painless operation. For this I would like you to work in groups

15. N N N N N N N A A A A A A A C C C C C C C

16. Thinking Unit Book Questions Define: Cognition, concepts, hierarchies, prototypes—395-97. Describe how we solve problems algorithms, heuristics, and insights—397-99. Describe the obstacles to solving problems (Confirmation bias, fixation (mental set and functional fixedness), representative and available heuristics, overconfidence and framing)—399-406.

17. Terms Concepts are mental grouping of objects Hierarchies (mental pyramid/framework that goes from the simple to the complex). These involve: Prototypes are a mental image or object—these are not specific, they are a best- guess image and can explain problems with Police line ups Shown images but not prototype Then shown again with prototype And…identify with confidence prototype as having been seen

18. Terms Algorithms is a step by step procedure (a rule followed that will eventually solve the problem)—Watson/Deep Blue Heurists: mental shortcut or a rule/way to reduce the steps in solving a problem). Heurists These are informal, intuitive, speculative strategies that sometimes lead to solutions…or not. Examples: If there are a lot of numbers and big words in a document it must be well researched Famous people are more likely to be correct over unknown or unsuccessful people If most people believe something it is probably true.

19. Terms A women who lived in a small town married 20 different men in that same town. All of them are living, and she never divorced any of them. She broke no laws, so how could she do this. Insight is a flash of inspiration—biological connection-duh! Misleading Reinterpret problem—in this case marriage Convergent insight Divergent insight

20. Terms Confirmation Bias: Looking for information that supports or confirms our biases. Problems with: Correlation, research, sample size, etc., Pygmalion effect. Fixation, similar to mindlessness, get in a mental rut and fail to see solution from a fresh perspective Mental set: approaching a problem from an angle that has worked in the past Without lifting your pencil from the page, draw 4 straight lines that connect all dots Functional fixedness: the tendency of thinking of things in relation to their everyday function (a penny can be used as a screwdriver, etc.

21. Terms Representative heuristics: When we apply out mental images (say our prototypes) and they do not work. Available heuristics (or availability bias): When making inferences we use information that is prominent in our sense or memories at the times, rather information that is more difficult to recall. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_wkv1Gx2vM

22. Terms Overconfidence: the tendency of overestimating the accuracy of our knowledge. We overestimate how long it will take to finish projects generally takes about twice as long But overconfident people are happier, more confident, better at decision making. Framing: How a question/issue is posed can impact the response— see surveys: Belief bias: personal beliefs that challenge or distort logic Belief Perseverance: clinging to beliefs in the face of contrary evidence

23. Problem solving—by Peter Gray Problem can be looked at as an initial state (the problem), and your goal is to get to the goals state through a set of operations. Usual method is to Understand the problem Identify the operations needed to solve the problem Carry out the operations Check the results Return to some earlier point in the chain of operations if results do not achieve goals.

24. Problem solving—by Peter Gray 1. Break out of a mental set—An example is to Lesson anxiety--(Ashbey 1999) showed that students that looked at problem with less anxiety were more successful—she showed them a comedy film before candle problem.

25. 2. Insight is more than over-coming a mental set with a flash of inspiration. It may involve the possible use a similar analogy or stealing an idea and making it better—more relevant

26. Problem 3.Rearranging quantity of information so it is efficient and useful Find all possible ways to remove exactly five sticks from the pattern so that only three squares are left, with no sticks left over. Trial and error—over 6000 combinations of 5 sticks exist within the problem Change mental set to boxes not sticks— look for 3 squares out of the 6 available, which, if preserved, would allow for the removal of exactly 5 sticks There are only 20 combinations of 3 squares of six (reduced trial and error solution by a factor of 1/300. A square has 4 sides, so only way that 12 sticks can form 3 squares is to have no sides in common, so there is only 2 options.

27. 4. Understanding the goal and sub goals— using the sub goals to attain goal

28. What makes someone creative? Simple answer is most people do not know! Creativity: “the process of producing something that is both worthwhile and original.” 1.They simply produce more

29. What makes someone creative? 2.Creative people simply work harder Stephen King—81 and counting 1960 - People, Places, And Things - Volume 1 (limited edition with Chris Chelsey) 1964 - The Star Invaders (limited edition) 1974 - Carrie 1975 - Salem's Lot 1977 - The Shining 1978 - Night Shift (stories) 1978 - The Stand 1979 - The Dead Zone 1980 - Firestarter 1981 - Cujo 1981 - Danse Macabre (nonfiction about horror) 1981 - Roadwork 1982 - Creepshow (comic book, illustrated by Bernie Wrightson) 1982 - The Dark Tower I: The Gunslinger 1982 - Different Seasons (novellas) 1983 - Christine 1983 - Pet Sematary 1983 - Cycle of the Werewolf 1984 - The Talisman (written with Peter Straub) 1985 - Skeleton Crew (stories, including "The Mist") 1985 - The Bachman Books (novel collection) 1986 - It 1987 - The Eyes of the Dragon 1987 - Misery 1987 - The Dark Tower II: The Drawing of the Three 1988 - The Tommyknockers 1988 - Nightmares in the Sky (Photo book with text Dark Visions 1989 - The Dark Half 1989 - Dolan's Cadillac (limited edition) 1989 - My Pretty Pony (limited edition) 1990 - The Stand: The Complete & Uncut Edition 1990 - Four Past Midnight (stories) 1991 - Needful Things 1991 - The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands 1992 - Gerald's Game 1993 - Dolores Claiborne 1993 - Nightmares & Dreamscapes (stories) 1994 - Insomnia 1995 - Rose Madder 1995 - Umney's Last Case 1996 - The Green Mile (originally published as a monthly serial consisting of six parts: The Two Dead Girls, The Mouse on the Mile, Coffey's Hands, The Bad Death of Eduard Delacroix, Night Journey, and Coffey on the Mile) 1996 - Desperation 1997 - Six Stories (stories) 1997 - The Dark Tower IV: Wizard and Glass 1998 - Bag of Bones 1999 - Storm of the Century 1999 - The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon 1999 - The New Lieutenant's Rap (limited edition) 1999 - Hearts in Atlantis 1999 - Blood and Smoke (audio book) 2000 - Riding the Bullet (electronically published novella) 2000 - The Plant(electronically published) 2000 - Secret Windows 2000 - On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft 2000 - Dreamcatcher 2001 - Black House (written with Peter Straub) 2002 - From a Buick 8 2002 - Everything's Eventual: 14 Dark Tales 2003 - The Dark Tower I: The Gunslinger (revised edition) 2003 - The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla 2004 - The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah 2004 - The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower 2004 - Faithful: Two Diehard Boston Red Sox Fans Chronicle the Historic 2004 Season 2005 - The Colorado Kid 2006 - The Secretary of Dreams 2006 - Cell 2006 - Lisey's Story 2007 - The Mist 2008 - Duma Key 2008 - Just After Sunset 2009 - Stephen King Goes to the Movies 2009 - The Little Sisters of Eluria (limited edition) 2009 - "Graduation Afternoon" (in PostScripts) 2009 - "Throttle" (in He is Legend) 2009 - UR (e-novella available only on Amazon.com's Kindle) 2009 - Under the Dome 2009 - "A Good Marriage" 2009 - "Big Driver" 2009 - "1922" 2009 - "Fair Extension" 2010 - Blockade Billy 2010 - Full Dark, No Stars 2011 - The Chronicles of Harris Burdick 2011 - "The Dune" 2011 - 11/22/63

30. What makes someone creative? 3. Insight A.Seeing a universal patter-- Newton B.Diverging from the universal approach--Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis

31. What makes someone creative? 4. Who you are— personality type 5. Where you are

32. Coffee shop, Ticketmaster, Airbnb, Ekimetrics, Karmarama.

33. http://www.npr.org/ 2012/03/19/1487773 50/how-creativity- works-its-all-in-your- imagination http://www.npr.org/ 2012/03/19/1487773 50/how-creativity- works-its-all-in-your- imagination

34. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgj3nZWtOfA