1. Terms, Processes, and the Historical Importance of. This Powerpoint focuses on the functional role clay has had in our world

2.  Clay: a mixture of silica and kaolins  Earthenware—can not eat/drink from  Stoneware-can eat and drink from  Clay looks different from one country to the other, and city to city. This allows everyone’s clay body to have a different color.  Glazes: a mixture of chemicals and water. There are glaze recipes that are 1000’s of years old, and some specific to different countries.  Kiln: Used to fire ceramic pieces  Types include: electric, wood, and gas

3.  The parts of a pot are named much like our own bodies:  Mouth  Neck  Shoulder  Belly  Foot

4.  Humans discovered clay could be dug out of the earth, mixed with water, and then fired as early as 24,000 BC.  Animal and human figurines were made and fired in shallow pits.

5.  Pit Firing is process that is still used today.  A shallow trough is dug into the ground. Sometimes artists build walls using bricks.  Greenware pieces are stacked right next to each other, placed among other burnable objects--sawdust, corn husks, and smaller wood pieces.

6. A layer of firewood is built on the top of the pots. The fire is lit, left to burn, and cooled.

9.  Pitfired work requires A LOT of cleanup time. Pots are scrubbed, polished, and waxed by hand.  A pitfire process usually has a number of ‘casualties’ from wood falling onto pieces as the fire is burning down  The color of pitfired work cannot be completely predicted.  The temperature of a pit fire does not get very hot. Pitfire work can only be used for decoration.

11.  The color variation of pitfired pieces occurs from flames bending over the surface of the pot.  Generally speaking, darker areas on pitfired pieces were resting in sawdust and smaller pieces of wood.

16.  14,000 BC is when clay tiles were first begin created in Mesopotamia and India.  Clay tiles were an invention based on need.  Clay tiles have been used throughout history on building exteriors, roofs, and decorative mosaics.

17.  http://www.artsmia.org/art-of- asia/ceramics/early-chinese-ceramics.cfm http://www.artsmia.org/art-of- asia/ceramics/early-chinese-ceramics.cfm  As an art form, only ceramics cover the entire forty-five century span of Chinese history.  In terms of production, technical innovation, artistic refinement, aesthetic diversity and global impact, the Chinese can claim the world's longest and foremost ceramic tradition.

18.  Zen Buddist monks were trained as potters  Seto, is an area known for its classical training, housing over 200 kilns  Formal Tea Ceremonies  Porcelain

20.  A view inside a woodfire kiln

22.  Japan ceramics became renowned after the invasion of Korea by Japan in 1592 to 1598. (Seven Year War). Japan kidnapped several thousand potters to bring home as war trophies.  Especially known for their Celedon porcelain.

23.  Eastern teacups do not have handles. The call them ‘teabowls’.  Eastern teapots have bamboo handles, or handles placed on the side  Eastern tea- drinking a ritual ceremony

25.  English teapots are very ornately decorated.  Teacups have handles and rest on saucers.

26.  http://www.veniceclayartists.com/egyptian-pottery/ http://www.veniceclayartists.com/egyptian-pottery/  Egyptians made pottery before building the pyramids  From 3000 BC on, their pottery was decorated with animals, humans, boats and various other patterns and symbols.  Nile clay (red/brown after firing ) and pottery from marl clay (usually polished to give a lustrous look )  Enameled Pottery  The Egyptians were the first to employ the potter’s wheel

27.  Greek Pottery was all functional (usable).  Specific shapes were designed for certain tasks.  It was rust red with black illustrations.  Greek pottery was covered in illustrations that explained stories of their culture—mythological stories.  Greek pottery had some initial flaws; it all leaked. In the 9 th century, someone developed glazing techniques that solved that problem.

28.  Hydria  Amphora  Krater  Kylix  Lekythos  Oinochoe  http://laurashefler.net/arthistory2010/?page_id=7 http://laurashefler.net/arthistory2010/?page_id=7

29.  http://www.vanhollowpottery.com/A%20Pottery%20History.htm http://www.vanhollowpottery.com/A%20Pottery%20History.htm

30.  Like wood, stone, metal, and marble, clay has also developed itself as a sculptural material.

33.  Coming to Minnesota in October!  http://www.artsmia.org/terracotta- warriors/index.html#about http://www.artsmia.org/terracotta- warriors/index.html#about

34.  Northern Clay Center, Minneapolis  http://www.northernclaycenter.org/ http://www.northernclaycenter.org/  Redwing Pottery  http://www.redwingpottery.com/ http://www.redwingpottery.com/  Stillwater/Univ. of MN  http://warrenmackenziepottery.com/ http://warrenmackenziepottery.com/

35.  Richard Bresnahan  http://www.csbsju.edu/S aint-Johns-Pottery.htm http://www.csbsju.edu/S aint-Johns-Pottery.htm