1. Exit Ticket Review
1. Scientists believe the atmosphere of early Earth was incapable of supporting aerobic organisms. Which best explains this belief?
There was no water in the environment.
Photosynthesis was occurring too slowly.
Multicellular organisms used up the water.
Free oxygen was missing from the environment.

2. Exit Ticket Review
2. Which best describes the first unicellular organisms on Earth?
aerobic and eukaryotic
aerobic and prokaryotic
anaerobic and eukaryotic
anaerobic and prokaryotic

3. Exit Ticket Review
3. Which best explains why the first organisms on Earth were anaerobic?
lack of water
lack of oxygen
too much water
too much oxygen

4. Exit Ticket Review
4. Which two organelles found in eukaryotic cells indicate an endosymbiotic origin?
Mitochondria and chloroplast
Nucleus and mitochondria
Chloroplast and cell wall
Ribosomes and nucleus

5. Exit Ticket Review
5. Which is most likely the order of the origin of life on Earth?
Eukaryote, invertebrate, prokaryote, vertebrate, amphibian
Prokaryote, amphibian, invertebrate, reptile, mammal
Prokaryote, eukaryote, invertebrate, vertebrate, fish
Amphibian, fish, reptile, eukaryote, vertebrate

6. Agenda Notes – Evolution by Natural Selection Peppered Moth Lab
Exit Ticket

7. Evolution and Natural Selection
I can explain evolution through natural selection.

8. EVOLUTION change over time8

9. In order for evolution to happen, you need….
Variation
Inheritance
Time
Selection V I T S 9

10. Variation I T S
Differences between
individuals 10

11. When there is variation, some individuals will have better fitness (good genes)
Fitness = the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment 11

12. V
Inheritance T S
Traits are passed on 12

13. V I
Time S
MANY generations 13

14. V I T
Selection
Birds eat green beetles. Being brown is a “good” trait for beetles because they avoid being seen. They survive and reproduce.
Individuals with “good” traits survive and reproduce more 14

15. Adaptation
an inherited trait that increases an organisms chance of survival and reproduction

16. Charles Darwin
English scientist who first proposed the theory of evolution.
This states that all species descended from a common ancestor and adapted to their environment over time.

17. Charles Darwin
Darwin studied finches in the Galapagos Islands and found that different species had different sized beaks depending on the food available
Natural Selection is WHY Darwin’s finches matched their environment

22. NATURAL SELECTION IS JUST ONE PROCESS THAT CAN RESULT IN EVOLUTION
Natural Selection: Organisms best suited to their environment as a result of good genes survive and reproduce.
Natural Selection = reproduction (and survival) of the fittest
NATURAL SELECTION IS JUST ONE PROCESS THAT CAN RESULT IN EVOLUTION

24. Think.. What does natural selection act directly on? phenotypes
genotypes
both phenotypes and genotypes
neither phenotypes nor genotypes A

25. Examples of Natural Selection….

26. large beaks are selected for
In an environment with BIG SEEDS….
Big beak
= adaptation }
Survives longer
Reproduces more
NATURAL SELECTION
Passes on more genes
Big beaks become more common
large beaks are selected for

27. camouflage are selected for
In an environment with predators
Camouflage }
Survives longer
NATURAL SELECTION
Reproduces more
Passes on more genes
VIDEO
Camouflage become more common
camouflage are selected for

28. Small beaks are selected against
In an environment with BIG SEEDS….
Small beak }
Dies out quicker
NATURAL SELECTION
Reproduces less
Passes on fewer genes
Small beaks become less common
Small beaks are selected against

29. Adaptations
If they are favorable, they will survive, reproduce and pass on their alleles!

30. Adaptation
An inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival

31. Camouflage
Camouflage: an adaptation that allows a species to blend in with its surroundings so predators cannot see it
Predators are less likely to find a camouflaged animal

32. Camouflage

33. Camouflage

34. Mimcry
organisms evolve to share common perceived characteristics with other organisms
So that they can survive easier

35. Some insects can have the appearance of twigs, leaf, bark, wood and some may simply be the same color as their habitat

36. This insect looks like a dried leaf, and the shape and color

37. some butterflies on their wings have painted a false head like a butterfly on this picture. At first glance it seems to us that we saw a  animal with large and passionate eyes, giving them a good way of camouflage, and defense against predators.

38. On this bug colors are so deployed give us the impression that we look into being with large eyes and mouth filled with sharp say teeth.

41. Plant Adaptations Plant Structure
Leaves adapt to a plant’s environment
Example 1: plants that live on the rainforest floor (so get little light) have broad, flat leaves to capture as much light as possible
----- Meeting Notes (11/23/15 12:37) -----

42. Plant Adaptations Plant Structure Leaves adapt to a plants environment
Example 2: cactus that live in the desert (so get little water) have spines for leaves to keep from losing water

43. Agenda Notes – Evolution by Natural Selection Peppered Moth Lab
Exit Ticket

44. Peppered Moth Lab
Lab Objectives: Describe the importance of coloration in avoiding predation Relate environmental change to changes in organisms Explain how natural selection causes populations to change.
Background: Industrial Melanism is a term used to describe the adaptation of a population in response to pollution. One example of rapid industrial melanism occurred in populations of peppered moths in the area of Manchester, England from 1845 to Before the industrial revolution, the trunks of the trees in the forest around Manchester were light grayish-green due to the presence of lichens. Most of the peppered moths in the area were light colored with dark spots. As the industrial revolution progressed, the tree trunks became covered with soot (chimney smoke) and turned dark. Over a period of 45 years, the dark variety of the peppered moth became more common.

45. Peppered Moth Lab Work in pairs (who you are sitting next to)
Predator
Prey (peppered moths)
Predator CAN NOT look
Prey sets up location in the environment
Predator has 10 seconds to catch and eat the prey
PICK UP WITH THEIR PREDATOR BIRD BEAKS…. 2 fingers!
**complete table and analysis questions together

46. Review Evolution – changes over time
Variation
Inheritance
Time
Selection
Natural Selection (“survival of the fittest”)
Fitness – ability to survive and reproduce
Adaptation – change to an organism to increase chance of survival and reproduction

47. Exit Ticket