1. Aim: How can we describe the structure and function of cell organelles?

2. CELLS EUKARYOTIC CELLS ANIMAL CELLPLANT CELL PROKARYOTIC CELLS ORGANIZATION CHART BACTERIA

3. Prokaryotes All Bacteria All Bacteria They DO NOT have membrane bound organelles. They DO NOT have membrane bound organelles. They DO have: They DO have: Cell Membranes Cell Membranes Cell Walls Cell Walls DNA DNA Ribosomes Ribosomes

4. 2 Types of Eukaryotic Cells: Animal Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell Plant Cell Both are complex, but there are differences Both are complex, but there are differences

5. What are those things inside the cell? Organelles - Specialized structures in cells that perform important cellular functions. Organelles - Specialized structures in cells that perform important cellular functions.

6. Organization of Structure of Multi-celled Organisms ORGANISM ORGANS SYSTEM ORGAN TISSUE CELL ORGANELLE

7. Life Functions Nutrition – to get nutrients for energy Nutrition – to get nutrients for energy Transport – to move materials from A to B Transport – to move materials from A to B Cell respiration – Energy: ATP Cell respiration – Energy: ATP Excretion – to get rid of metabolic waste Excretion – to get rid of metabolic waste Synthesis – to build, to make Synthesis – to build, to make Regulation – to control Regulation – to control Growth – to increase in size or number Growth – to increase in size or number Reproduction – to make offspring Reproduction – to make offspring

8. CELL MEMBRANE Provides boundary of the cell. Provides boundary of the cell. Controls what comes in and out. Controls what comes in and out. FUNCTION: TRANSPORT

9. CYTOPLASM FUNCTION: To protect and support the organelles within the cell. Aids in transport within cell TRANSPORT

10. NUCLEUS Found in eukaryotic cells only! Found in eukaryotic cells only! Function: Controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information - DNA Function: Controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information - DNA REGULATION & Synthesis & Reproduction

11. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Transportation route of cell. Materials travel through it. Transportation route of cell. Materials travel through it. 2 Types: Rough ER (has ribosomes) & Smooth ER 2 Types: Rough ER (has ribosomes) & Smooth ER FUNCTION: TRANSPORT

12. RIBOSOMES They FORM proteins They FORM proteins Can be found in cytoplasm or on Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough) Can be found in cytoplasm or on Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough) FUNCTION : SYNTHESIS

13. GOLGI APPARATUS Proteins from ER come here. Labels and packages the proteins, gives them a direction to follow. Proteins from ER come here. Labels and packages the proteins, gives them a direction to follow. FUNCTION: TRANSPORT

14. MITOCHONDRIA “Powerhouse of the cell.” “Powerhouse of the cell.” Makes energy or ATP from food and oxygen. Makes energy or ATP from food and oxygen. FUNCTION : RESPIRATION

15. LYSOSOMES Contain enzymes that can break down nutrients. Also they break down dead organelles. Contain enzymes that can break down nutrients. Also they break down dead organelles. FUNCTION : NUTRITION

16. VACUOLES Store materials such as water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates. Store materials such as water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates. MANY SMALL ONES IN ANIMAL CELLS, AND ONE BIG ONE IN PLANT CELLS. MANY SMALL ONES IN ANIMAL CELLS, AND ONE BIG ONE IN PLANT CELLS. FUNCTION : EXCRETION

17. CENTRIOLES FUNCTION: Involved in animal cell division FOUND ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS REPRODUCTION

18. CHLOROPLASTS Use energy from sunlight to make energy- rich food molecules in a process known as PHOTOSYNTHESIS Use energy from sunlight to make energy- rich food molecules in a process known as PHOTOSYNTHESIS FOUND IN PLANT CELLS! FOUND IN PLANT CELLS! FUNCTION : SYNTHESIS & Autotrophic Nutrition

19. CELL WALL Provides support and protection for the cell and allows materials in and out of the cell. Provides support and protection for the cell and allows materials in and out of the cell. FOUND IN PLANT CELLS. FOUND IN PLANT CELLS. FUNCTION:

20. CILIA & FLAGELLA Made of protein and help with the movement of individual cells Made of protein and help with the movement of individual cells FUNCTION : NUTRITION & locomotion

21. Animal cellPlant cell

22. What do plant and animal cells have in common? XCell MembraneX XCytoplasmX XNucleusX XEndoplasmic Reticulum X XRibosomeX XMitochondria X XLysosomes X XVacuoleX XCentriole Chloroplast X Cell Wall X ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

23. Cheek Cell NUCLEUS

24. Elodea Cell CELL WALL CHLOROPLAST

25. An organelle that releases energy for metabolic activity in a nerve cell is the (1) chloroplast (3) mitochondrion (2) ribosome (4) vacuole Damage to which structure will most directly disrupt water balance within a single-celled organism? (1) ribosome (3) nucleus (2) cell membrane (4) chloroplast

26. Identify an organelle in cell A that is the site of autotrophic nutrition. Identify the organelle labeled X in cell B. Which statement best describes these cells? (1) Cell B lacks vacuoles while cell A has them. (2) DNA would not be found in either cell A or cell B. (3) Both cell A and cell B use energy released from ATP. (4) Both cell A and cell B produce antibiotics.

27. Homeostasis in unicellular organisms depends on the proper functioning of (1) organelles (3) guard cells (2) insulin (4) antibodies Which organelle is correctly paired with its specific function? (1) cell membrane—storage of hereditary information (2) chloroplast—transport of materials (3) ribosome—synthesis of proteins (4) vacuole—production of ATP The first trial of a controlled experiment allows a scientist to isolate and test (1) a logical conclusion (2) a variety of information (3) a single variable (4) several variables

28. The table below provides some information concerning organelles and organs. Based on this information, which statement accurately compares organelles to organs? (1) Functions are carried out more efficiently by organs than by organelles. (2) Organs maintain homeostasis while organelles do not. (3) Organelles carry out functions similar to those of organs. (4) Organelles function in multicellular organisms while organs function in single-celled organisms.

29. A single cell and a multicellular organism are represented below. Which structures are correctly paired with their primary function? (1) A and G—transmission of nerve impulses (2) B and E—photosynthesis (3) C and H—digestion of food (4) D and F—gas exchange