1. Globalization of Management Research Farok J. Contractor Rutgers University farok@Andromeda.Rutgers.edu

2. Globalization of Management Research OBJECTIVES OF MY PRESENTATION Discuss career issues in International Business or IB-related research paths Review some current areas of International Business research that show potential What constitutes IB Research? Publication Strategy

3. Globalization of Management Research WHAT CONSTITUTES IB RESEARCH? Where the Dependent Variable is “International” (Level 1) –E.g., BPO Exports from Nation in a multi-country study Where an Independent variable is “international (Level 2) –E.g., Cultural Distance between alliance partners Where the unit of analysis is one nation (Level 3) –E.g., Study of Brazilian IT sector or Global Expansion of Chinese Enterprises

4. Globalization of Management Research EXAMPLES OF ISSUES AT THE CORE OF IB RESEARCH Foreign Direct Investment Location Choices Performance vs. Degree of Internationalization Offshoring Global Standardization vs. Localization HQ – Subsidiary Relations Cross-Cultural Aspects of Management Trade and Trade Policies

5. Globalization of Management Research EXAMPLES OF TOPICS WITH CURRENT RESEARCH INTEREST Management in Emerging Nations Group Affiliation/Holding Company Structure Internationalization Path of Emerging Nation MNEs Offshoring Governance in Emerging Markets Country of Origin Effects

6. Globalization of Management Research EXAMPLES OF TOPICS WITH CURRENT RESEARCH INTEREST Link Between Performance and Degree of Internationalization (DOI) Shape of the Relationship Between P and DOI

7. Globalization of Management Research EXAMPLES OF TOPICS WITH CURRENT RESEARCH INTEREST International Alliances Partner Selection Contract Provisions Governance Modalities Knowledge Transfer Between Partners Valuation of Knowledge in Alliances Division of Benefits and Costs over Allies

8. Globalization of Management Research EXAMPLES OF TOPICS WITH CURRENT RESEARCH INTEREST Global Strategy The Optimization Process REGIONAL TOTAL REVENUE REGIONAL TOTAL COSTS Total of Production AND Marketing Costs Total of Marketing Costs Across Region Total of Production Costs Across Region Regional Headquarters Costs & Overheads NUMBER OF FORMULATIONS OR VARIETIES ACROSS THE REGION

9. Globalization of Management Research EXAMPLES OF TOPICS WITH CURRENT RESEARCH INTEREST Global Strategy Distribution of R&D Activity Within an MNE Over Nations Distribution of Production Capacity Across Region MES (Minimum Economic Scale) versus Size of Nation

10. Globalization of Management Research EXAMPLES OF TOPICS WITH CURRENT RESEARCH INTEREST International Accounting and Finance Issues Disclosure Standards and Effect on Listings and Governance International Transfer Pricing Issues Allocation of Central Overhead Burdens Over Subsidiaries Sensitivity of Chinese Exports to Rising RMB

11. Globalization of Management Research SELECTION OF RESEARCH TOPICS Does academia lead, or lag business trends reported in the business press? Answer? If the latter, then what are some of the best sources for ideas? –High quality general publications like The Economist, FT, etc. –Economics and Business School Forums on the Web. –Other scholarly fields (e.g., Transaction Costs, Social Networks). –New Databases (e.g., SDC, Capitalline).

12. Globalization of Management Research PUBLICATION STRATEGY Maximizing the Value of Your Dissertation My ideal dissertation takes several cuts at a phenomenon or research question –Firm level primary data (Questionnaire Survey) –Country level secondary data –Micro level (case studies) –Policy Chapters Corporate Government

13. Globalization of Management Research PUBLICATION STRATEGY Maximizing the Value of Your Dissertation Write the dissertation in a scholarly way but with chapter organization for possible future book/research monograph publication –First submit to academic journals –After a couple of years, once most journal acceptances are in, contact a book publisher

14. Globalization of Management Research PUBLICATION STRATEGY Maximizing the Value of Your Dissertation In your data, once you have sent off the first few papers for review, –An independent variable can become a dependent variable for another paper –Transform explanatory variables (e.g. from continuous variable to categorical or 0/1 dummy) –Different combinations of data to create new variables. –Try different statistical techniques (e.g., for an ordered categorical dependent variable, besides OLS, try Ordinal, Multinomial Logit, etc.) –Partition the sample (provided enough “n”) by region, SIC code, etc. –Add data points to your (firm-level survey) data from secondary sources

15. Globalization of Management Research PUBLICATION STRATEGY Co-Authorship With dissertation supervisors/committee members? With other school colleagues? Finding co-authors outside your university? The answers are very complex. A lot depends on –How well you have already picked up the craft of academic publishing –Whether your dissertation committee members are good academics or just free riders –Whether co-authors are social network nodes or control needed resources –Whose name appears first on the paper –Segmenting your publication stream and only selectively co- authoring –You absolutely must reserve some of your work for sole- authorship

16. Globalization of Management Research INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS In an Already Globalizing World, Will International Business Studies Disappear? Two Indicators:

17. In an Already Globalizing World Will International Business Disappear? Source: http://uchicagolaw.typepad.com/faculty/images/graph_1.jpg YEAR NUMBER OF COUNTRIES

18. In an Already Globalizing World Will International Business Disappear? YEAR -- The Bible, John 12:8 “…the poor always ye have with you…” The world market is still a highly fragmented, vastly uneven landscape with a huge variation in economic, cultural, and institutional setups. It will remain thus, for our lifetimes and beyond.

19. In an Already Globalizing World Will International Business Disappear? YEAR But since we do not have a lifetime to discuss this right now…… Let us have a dialogue later. Farok J. Contractor Rutgers University Farok@Andromeda.Rutgers.edu