1. © 2014 Airbus Defence and Space – All rights reserved. The reproduction, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without express authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design. Advanced Closed Loop System (ACLS) 18 May 2015 Dr. Carsten Matthias (Lead System Engineer) carsten.matthias@airbus.com

2. Confidential © 2014 Airbus Defence and Space – All rights reserved. The reproduction, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without express authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design. Agenda 2  ACLS Objectives  ACLS Main Characteristics  ACLS Design Description CCA Carbon Dioxide Concentration Subsystem OGA Oxygen Generation Subsystem CRA Carbon Dioxide Reprocessing Subsystem Advanced Closed Loop System (ACLS), 18-19 May 2015 18-19 May 2015

3. Confidential © 2014 Airbus Defence and Space – All rights reserved. The reproduction, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without express authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design. ACLS Objectives Page 3  ACLS / ISS Rack covers life support functions for crew of three through its main functions (1)Removal of carbon dioxide from the spacecraft atmosphere via a regenerative adsorption & desorption process (Solid Amine Adsorption Resin) (2)Supply of breathable oxygen via electrolysis of water (Fixed Alkaline Electrolyser) (3)Catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide with hydrogen to water and methane (two Stage Sabatier Reactors)  ACLS operation onboard ISS/US-Lab as supplement to ISS life support subsystem serves for redundancy plus, through regenerative process application, for significant reduction of water upload to the ISS. Advanced Closed Loop System (ACLS), 18-19 May 2015 18-19 May 2015

4. Confidential © 2014 Airbus Defence and Space – All rights reserved. The reproduction, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without express authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design. ACLS Main Characteristics Page 4 Advanced Closed Loop System (ACLS), 18-19 May 2015 18-19 May 2015  Shall be launched with HTV7 (JAXA) end of 2017  ACLS ISPR will be installed in US-LAB in P1 rack position  Power consumption: approx. 3.5 kW average, < 6 kW peak  Sized for 3 crew: Scrubs  3 kg/day CO 2 (at 3 mmHg CO 2 in inlet air) Produces  2.5 kg/day O 2 Produces  1.2 kg/day water Needs  3 kg/day potable water for O 2 production from the POTABLE WATER BUS Needs < 4 kg/day waste water for steam generation of the CO 2 adsorber resin from the WASTE WATER BUS  Rack mass: < 750 kg + separately launched adsorber beds, WMS units, FSE  Uses MTL (MODERATE TEMPERATURE COOLING LOOP) for thermal control  maximum 5 kg upload or 8h crew time per 1000 h of operation

5. Confidential © 2014 Airbus Defence and Space – All rights reserved. The reproduction, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without express authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design. Page 5  ACLS integrated into IHI ISPR  ACLS components are integrated to: 7 removable drawers 1 drawer-like removable unit Rack posts/structure  Rack front closed by individual ACLS front plates  ACLS is equipped with a “backpack” Drawer # 1, CCA CO2 Management Section Drawer # 2, CCA Adsorber Section Combined Drawer # 3/4, CCA Air & Water Management Section and Carbon Dioxide Reprocessing Subsystem (CRA) ACLS Front panel Electronics Box CCA Deionization Unit CC-WM-08 Drawer # 6, Oxygen Generation Subsystem (OGA) Drawer # 8, Avionics boxes on coldplate Drawer # 7, Avionics boxes on coldplates and N2 supply subsystem ACLS Rack Utility Pass- through Panel Cabin air inlet Rack mounted items ACLS backpack ACLS rack with all drawers removed ACLS Design Description Advanced Closed Loop System (ACLS), 18-19 May 2015 18-19 May 2015 Cabin air outlet

6. Confidential © 2014 Airbus Defence and Space – All rights reserved. The reproduction, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without express authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design. Page 6 CCA S/S: Carbon Dioxide Concentration Subsystem consists of Drw#1, #2, #3 Advanced Closed Loop System (ACLS), 18-19 May 2015 18-19 May 2015  Drw#1  Drw#2  Drw#3

7. Confidential © 2014 Airbus Defence and Space – All rights reserved. The reproduction, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without express authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design. Page 7 CCA S/S: CCA Adsorber Section (Drw#2) Advanced Closed Loop System (ACLS), 18-19 May 2015 18-19 May 2015  CCA fan draws cabin air through adsorber beds  CO 2 adsorption on Astrine TM resin (solid amine; good efficiency at low CO 2 levels; nominal working point: 4 hPa CO 2 inlet level  CO 2 desorption by 110C steam (3-bed system); desorption of CO 2 overlapping in order to provide smooth CO 2 flow to CRA; no CO 2 buffer tank needed  CO 2 Desorption at ambient pressure, no compressor/air save pump needed  CO 2 drying stage integrated  Photos: Drw#2 (Engineering Model)

8. Confidential © 2014 Airbus Defence and Space – All rights reserved. The reproduction, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without express authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design. Page 8 CCA S/S: CCA CO2 Management Section (Drw#1) Advanced Closed Loop System (ACLS), 18-19 May 2015 18-19 May 2015  Drw#1 includes the CO 2 Mgmt. Section to check the CO 2 quality (mass flow rate, CO 2 conc.)  Automatic routing of CO 2 flow either to Vent line (I/F CCA12 in CCA SA-OPS) or to Sabatier reactors (I/F CCA9 in SYS-OPS).  CO 2 supply I/F for external experiment located on Drw#1. CO 2 flow rate range 0 – 4.5 g/min and 2.1 g/min nominal CO 2 98 Vol.-% with water vapour & air content and minor VOCs included.  Photo: Drw#1 (Engineering Model)

9. Confidential © 2014 Airbus Defence and Space – All rights reserved. The reproduction, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without express authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design. Page 9 CCA S/S: Air and Water Management (Drw#3) Advanced Closed Loop System (ACLS), 18-19 May 2015 18-19 May 2015  Photo: Drw#3 (Engineering Model) CWSA CHX CCA Water Management System incl.: -UV Treatment Unit -Gas Trap -De-Ionisation Unit -CFU Filter -Water Buffer Tank Air Managment incl.: -CHX/CWSA -Fan/Muffler -Outlet Grid Air to cabin

10. Confidential © 2014 Airbus Defence and Space – All rights reserved. The reproduction, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without express authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design. Page 10 OGA S/S: Oxygen Generation Subsystem (Drw#6) Advanced Closed Loop System (ACLS), 18-19 May 2015 18-19 May 2015  Drw#6 integrated in Rack  Drw#6 extracted from Rack  Drw#6 – Safety DOME opened  Photo: Electrolyser Stack (Engineering Model) Photo: Drw#6 (Engineering Model)

11. Confidential © 2014 Airbus Defence and Space – All rights reserved. The reproduction, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without express authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design. Page 11 OGA S/S: Oxygen Generation Subsystem (Drw#6) Advanced Closed Loop System (ACLS), 18-19 May 2015 18-19 May 2015  Fixed Alkaline Electrolyser: the electrolyte (KOH) is fixed in a diaphragm between the electrodes; feed water is evaporated via a porous membrane onto the electrode; no moving parts, no rotating phase separators, no pumped KOH loop  High electric efficiency, low cell voltage (1.6 V BOL, <1.9V EOL)  Integrated Stack Health Monitoring by Impedance Measurement  Vacuum dome as safety containment; KOH absorbers in O 2 and H 2 gas lines for safety  H 2 and O 2 supply I/Fs for external experiments are available on drw#6 H 2, O 2 I/Fs for external experiments

12. Confidential © 2014 Airbus Defence and Space – All rights reserved. The reproduction, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without express authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design. Page 12 CRA S/S: Carbon Dioxide Reprocessing Subsystem (Drw#4) Advanced Closed Loop System (ACLS), 18-19 May 2015 18-19 May 2015  Photo: Sabatier reactors (Engineering Model)  Drw#4 is normally connected mechanical to Drw#3 but can be removed.  Drw#4 incl. two stage reactors to guarantee high hydrogen conversion (> 90%) High temperature for fast reaction Lower temperature (<250C) for high conversion  H 2 /CO 2 molar ratio 2 – 4 (nominal 2.3)  Reactor operating pressure < ambient pressure to avoid leakage of reactant gases to cabin  Water recovery: capillary condensing system without centrifugal water separator

13. Confidential © 2014 Airbus Defence and Space – All rights reserved. The reproduction, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without express authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design. Page 13 Thank you for your attention Advanced Closed Loop System (ACLS), 18-19 May 2015 18-19 May 2015