Sentek MULTI™ Field Installation User Guide & Training Manual Copyright © 2011 Version 1.0.

Sentek Pty Ltd gratefully acknowledges Trevor Sluggett and Peter Keynes of AgriExchange Pty. Ltd., Renmark, SA for the kind provision of a test site venue and assistance with the installation of the Sentek MULTI TM. The pictures used in this manual were taken at this venue. We further thank and acknowledge the support and assistance of staff and management personnel of MtLofty House, Adelaide, SA and Doug Marks, Caurnamont Farms, SA. Acknowledgements This manual describes the Sentek TM MULTI soil water monitoring system and includes technical information regarding hardware assembly and field installation. Version 1.0 Copyright © 2011 Sentek Pty. Ltd. All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated into any language or by any means transmitted by electronic, mechanical, or other methods without prior written permission of Sentek Pty Ltd, 77 Magill Road, Stepney, South Australia 5069, Australia. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. The latest updates or modification to this manual appear as Sentek™ MULTI technical bulletins on our web-site. Sentek ™, IrriMAX™, EnviroSCAN ™, TriSCAN ™, EasyAG ™ and EnviroSMART ™ are trademarks of Sentek Pty Ltd, that may be registered in one or more jurisdictions. Other products and company names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respective owners. Copyright © 2011

Sentek Multi TM supports 2 Sentek probes with 16 sensors on each, 2 pulse inputs (eg. rain gauges or flow meters) and 2 RTD temperature sensors. Data of all sensors is logged on the probe interfaces and are regularly uploaded to the Internet by a Data Transmission Unit (DTU). Shown below are all components excluding flow meters as shipped to the user. The Sentek probes shown are EnviroSCAN and Flat Cap. The connection plugs may vary depending upon client requirements. Set up of the probe configurations is explained in separate manuals. Temperature Sensor Temperature Sensor Antenna with Cable EnviroSCAN™ Flat Cap Probe EnviroSCAN™ Screw Cap Probe Rain Gauge Solar Panel Data Transmission Unit Battery

This is the Sentek MULTI™ Data Transmission Unit (DTU) as supplied by Sentek. The front Panel has been opened and the battery removed. Probe Connectors Modem DTU Main Board Sentek MULTI™ Housing WIRING

Copyright © 2011 Inside the Sentek MULTI™ housing, mark the probe connectors 1 and 2 with a marking pen. Probes 1 and 2 should later be connected to each respective connector. Next to the probe connector 1 you will find a cable gland for the solar panel and an open hole where the antenna cable (already fitted with cable gland) is to be installed. If temperature sensors are to be installed, mark the MULTI™ housing holes with “T1” and “T2” and remove the protective blind grommets. If rain gauges are to be installed, mark the MULTI™ housing holes with “R1” and “R2” and remove the blind grommets. Cable Gland for Solar Panel Open Hole for Antenna Cable with fitted Cable Gland Inside View of MULTI HousingOutside View of MULTI Housing Blind Grommets Probe Connectors WIRING

Copyright © 2011 Rain gauge 2 is screwed into connector RG2 as shown. The right-most terminal of RG2 is left blank. Rain gauge 1 is connected to the RG1 connector located to the left of the RG2 connector. RedGreen WIRING

Copyright © 2011 Attach the short rain gauge cable located at the bottom of the rain gauge to the wired-in rain gauge extension cable as shown. In the field this connector should be sealed with self-amalgamating tape. WIRING

Copyright © 2011 The antenna is attached to the antenna cable which is fitted with a cable gland. Secure the cable gland at the position of the open hole at the bottom of the MULTI housing. Screw the terminal connector of the antenna to the elbow connector on the modem. WIRING

Copyright © 2011 The Solar Panel is not equipped with a cable gland. Feed the cable through the cable gland located at the bottom of the MULTI housing. This solar panel has a bird deterrent already fitted (available by order). Connect the wires to the solar panel connector on the main board as shown. RedBlack WIRING

Copyright © 2011 Screw the probe cable to the connector using the screw sleeve. Ensure probe 1 is attached to connector 1 and probe 2 to connector 2. At the top of the probe terminate the probe cable wires as shown. Screws 1, 4, 5 and 6 only are used. White (6) Blue (5) Green (4) Red (1) WIRING 18

Copyright © 2011 The battery cable is shipped plugged into the main board (indicated by the red box). Connect the battery terminals as shown. NOTE: This is done only after all other wiring has been completed. WIRING

Normalization Connect the probes to the MULTI housing, attach the battery and turn the MULTI unit on. Use the switch to select the probe number to be normalized. Connect the Interface Configuration Cable from a lap- top computer to either the MULTI front panel or......to the probe interface TTL connector. NOTE: The correct drivers need to be installed on your computer before using either cable. Copyright © 2011 Individual probes need to be set up before use by accessing their circuitry interfaces. Operational ranges need to be set (normalization) as well as probe configurations, interface clocks and web settings.

Normalization Copyright © 2011 Run the latest version of the Probe Configuration Utility program (available Sentek website). Select the correct Serial Port and Baud Rate. In the Configuration menu click on Auto-detect Sensors. You will then be looking at this screen or similar (depths, serial port, number, address and version may differ). NOTE: the first line of the version number specifies the probe interface firmware version while the second line specifies the Sentek MULTI™ board firmware version. Below this is the Probe Configuration software version number (must be at least this one).

Normalization Copyright © 2011 Place the probe into the access tube and suspend it in air so that nothing approaches within 14cm of the sensors. Do not place on a surface or near any solid objects that may interfere with the sensor reading. Click on High/Air to set all Air Normalization values or set depth levels separately using the set boxes.

Normalization Place the probe into the sealed access tube into a water bath or the Normalization Container. Each sensor needs to be completely surrounded by water. Now click on Low/Water to set all Water Normalization values or set depth levels separately using the set boxes. Copyright © 2011

Calibration Verify the calibration equation parameters a, b & c. If using the standard default calibration, leave unaltered. If using a site specific calibration, type the values of the equation into this field. Click on Write To Probe. Copyright © 2011

Set Clock In the Clock menu, set the Sampling Interval to the desired value using the drop down arrow. To adjust the clock, either enter in the correct date and time, adjust using the drop down arrows or click on Synchronize with Computer. Click on Write To Probe. Copyright © 2011

Logger and Web Settings In the Plus/Solo menu, set the Logger ID. Enter a valid URL which has been set up by your IT professional. These details can also be entered using the Edit key. Click on Write To Probe. Copyright © 2011

Data Upload Frequency Set the uploading interval using the Sample Count. A suggested upload frequency is every 2-3 hours. Increased frequency of uploads will increase data transfer usage and cost. Click on Write To Probe. Copyright © 2011

Dial-in Uptime Set the Dial-in Uptime. A suggested time is 10 minutes. This will allow the modem to remain on for 10 minutes when uploading, allowing the sending of remote commands to the DTU from a computer. This is useful for troubleshooting. NOTE: Ensure that Probe 2 reading times do not clash with times that the modem is powered on (and vice-versa) as loss of data will occur. Click on Write To Probe. Copyright © 2011

Temperature Sensor Recording In the Multi menu, click the check box(es) for the sensor(s) to be recorded. Set the depth(s) of the Temperature Sensors using the arrows or type them in. Ensure that the individual sensor wiring is connected to the correct terminal. Click on Write To Probe. Copyright © 2011

Rainfall, Irrigation and Flow Meter Recording Click the check box(es) for the sensor(s) to be recorded. Ensure that the individual rain gauge wiring is connected to the correct terminal. Set the type of sensor using the drop-down arrow. Set the pulse value from the rain gauge manufacturer specifications. Click on Write To Probe. Copyright © 2011

Network Settings Ensure that you have the correct network settings for the type of modem you are using. Select Restore Configuration followed by the “****.cfg” file which matches your modem. Network settings can be downloaded from the Sentek website. Copyright © 2011

Modem Test Modem default settings are fixed for Telstra users in Australia. For any other carrier, ensure that you have the correct modem settings for your telemetry provider. Refer to the hardware manual and provider web sites for these. Ensure that you are in an area with adequate telephone signal strength. In the Modem menu, click on Test to perform a test upload to check the ability to communicate with the server. “040 Success” should be returned. Copyright © 2011

Power Recording In the Power menu, click the check boxes that you wish to have data recorded from (as a minimum, Battery Voltage and Solar Charge is recommended). Click on Write To Probe. Copyright © 2011

Check All Sensors In the Sensor Test menu, click on Query All Sensors. Check that the calibrated values returned are within sensible ranges (0 for air and 2-55 for soil). Click on Stop Sensor Querying. Copyright © 2011

At the chosen location for the DTU, auger a hole with a 53mm diameter auger to a depth of 1m. Cut a 1.3m length of 55mm diameter aluminium tube. This tube becomes the base support for the DTU pole. NOTE: this is a suggested pole support mechanism only. Other methods may be available. This method is shown here due to the ease of system removal during harvest or farm traffic. Installation of DTU

Copyright © 2011 Screw in 2 self-tapping screws about 100mm from the end of the aluminium tube. The bottom of the DTU pole will come to rest on these screws. Place a metal dolly on top of the aluminium tube and drive it into the prepared hole. Installation of DTU

Copyright © 2011 When installing into an orchard, the mounting pole for the DTU and solar panel should extend above the tree canopy. Here a 2.5 m long pole is being used. Slide the pole through the bracket of the MULTI™ housing. Installation of DTU

Copyright © 2011 Slide the MULTI™ housing to the desired position and tighten the bracket screws. To fit the bird deterrer to the solar panel, unscrew both top screws of the solar panel frame. Installation of DTU

Copyright © 2011 Insert the bolts into the holes of the mounting bracket (threads pointing outward) and then slide the bolt heads into the side rails of the solar panel. Adjust the solar panel to a 45 degree angle relative to the pole bracket and tighten the nuts. Installation of DTU

Copyright © 2011 To stop the MULTI™ housing and solar panel pole rotating inside the base support tube, a 5 mm diameter locking pin is installed. Drill a 6mm hole through both tubes about 50mm from the top of the base support tube. Push the locking pin through all of the holes and lock it into position. Installation of DTU

Using a 100mm diameter auger, excavate a hole to about 60cm. NOTE: this is a suggested pole support mechanism only. Other methods may be available. The base support tube for the rain gauge pole needs to be very sturdy to avoid movement of the rain gauge and tipping bucket by wind. Shown here is a 70cm long 105mm steel pipe which is fitted with 8 positioning bolts. The base support tube is lowered into the hole. Installation of Rain Gauge

Copyright © 2011 Use a spirit level to ensure that the pole is vertical. Tighten the upper bolts to lock the pole into place. Ensure that the rain gauge will not be overshadowed by crop foliage. Installation of Rain Gauge

Copyright © 2011 Tighten the lower bolts for added stability. Check that the pole remains vertical and adjust if necessary. Place a reflective marker sticker onto the pole to avoid damage by farm traffic. Installation of Rain Gauge

Copyright © 2011 Place the rain gauge base with tipping bucket carefully over the base mounting plate. Align the 3 holes in the rain gauge base with the screws of the base plate and secure them with the nuts provided. Use the three bolts to centralize the levelling bubble at the base of the rain gauge. Installation of Rain Gauge

Copyright © 2011 Connect the rain gauge connector to the extension cable. This connector can be made water resistant using self-amalgamating tape. Secure the connector under the base of the rain gauge. Installation of Rain Gauge

If the rain gauge is used as an “irrigation gauge” the mounting plate needs to be fixed to a concrete block. A Hebel™ block is shown here. Level the block using a spirit level. Drip irrigation is being used here. Secure the mounting plate to the Hebel™ block with nuts and bolts. Installation of “Irrigation Gauge”

Copyright © 2011 Position the nuts of the mounting plate about 3 cm above the base. Align the “irrigation gauge” base screw holes with the mounting plate bolts. Slide the base over the bolts and secure with nuts. Installation of “Irrigation Gauge”

Copyright © 2011 Adjust the level of the “irrigation gauge” base, so that the bubble is in the centre of the indicator using the nuts. Attach the “irrigation gauge” bucket with screws. Connect the cable using the plug connectors. This connection can be made water resistant using self- amalgamating tape. Installation of “Irrigation Gauge”

Copyright © 2011 Attach a length of irrigation tubing to the drip outlet of a button emitter. Other arrangements are necessary for sprinkler or micro- spray irrigation systems. The “irrigation gauge” may need to be partially buried in these cases. The rain gauge bucket must be covered to exclude rainfall. A bucket with a hole in its base is convenient for this. Installation of “Irrigation Gauge”

Copyright © 2011 The sensor must have good contact with the soil. Locate the sensor(s) at the required depth by digging a hole, pushing the sensor(s) into the soil at the chosen depth(s) and backfilling with soil. Temperature sensors can also be used to measure the inside canopy (air) temperature. The protective shade housing for the sensor is not shown here. Installation of Temperature Sensors

Copyright © 2011 Protect all exposed sensor cabling against animal attack with flexible conduit protector. Check all cable wiring. Connect the battery and place it into the MULTI™ housing (terminals facing backwards). Final Touches

Copyright © 2011 System Front Panel Display Check Bat – Battery Status On – Charging Flash (single at regular interval) – Battery good, voltage >10V Flash (double) – Battery low, voltage < 10 V Off – Service mode Sol – Solar Status On – Solar panel voltage present (>17V) Off – Solar panel voltage not present Warn – Warning Indicator Flash (fast) – Entering service mode Flash (single) – Service mode active (probes powered off) Flash (double) – Service mode active (firmware update) On – Board fault OK – General Status On/Flash - Activity On/Off Switch On/Flash - Activity USB – USB Status On – USB connected (device is not suspended and enumeration by host is complete) Off – USB not connected (or connected but suspended by host controller) MDM –Modem activity On- front panel connected and PROBE SELECT switch in modem position (centre) or modem activity PROBE SELECT Switch Left position = Probe 1 Right Position = Probe 2 Centre Position = Modem Probe1 – Probe 1 activity On – Front panel connected and PROBE SELECT switch in P1 position (left) or Probe 1 activity Probe2 – Probe 2 activity On – Front panel connected and PROBE SELECT switch in P2 position (right) or Probe 2 activity

Correction for Drip in IrriMAX™ Calculating the true application rate from a drip irrigation system is difficult to do due to the non-uniformity of the wetting pattern. Hence, any calculations of the water applied are estimates only. If a rain gauge is used to measure total irrigation application from a dripper (and excluding rain), then a calculation is required to correct for the area over which this water would normally disperse. There are various ways in which this can be done including: a) Volume calculation or b) Depth of Irrigation calculation. Both calculations can be performed in IrriMAX™ 9.0 under the Properties menu during graphing using the Edit Unit of Measure check box. Copyright © 2011

a) Volume Calculation The volume applied from the single drip line which has been redirected into the rain gauge bucket is recorded as a number of tips. Each tip has a defined volume set by the manufacturer, so the total volume applied is given by the number of tips multiplied by the volume of each tip. These specifications are given on the manufacturer’s Calibration Certificate. Irrigation (L) = Uncorrected Rain Gauge Output (mm) x Tip Volume (mL) Tip Size (mm) x 1000 Copyright © 2011

a) Volume Calculation Example Daily rain gauge value = 370mm (obviously too high). Tip Size = 0.2mm (from Rain Gauge specifications sheet). Tip Volume = 6.67mL from Calibration Certificate: 100mL Tip Test = 15 Tips, therefore Tip Volume (mL) = 100 = 6.67mL 15 Irrigation (L) = Uncorrected Rain Gauge Output (mm) x Tip Volume (mL) Tip Size (mm) x 1000 Irrigation (L) = 370 x 6.67 = 12.34L 0.2 x 1000 The multiplier for the IrriMAX™ calculation in this case is therefore: 12.34 = 0.033351 370 A rough check of this is to multiply the dripper flow rate (L/h) by the irrigation time (h). For example: 3L/h dripper x 4 hours = 12L. Copyright © 2011

b)Depth of Irrigation Calculation The Depth of Irrigation calculation takes into account the area that is wetted during the irrigation (so-called dispersion area). The dispersion area will depend upon the soil texture and should be determined by measuring the width of the wetting front in the field at a depth of 30cm after an irrigation. Dig a trench near a drip emitter and determine the wetting front position relative to it (r). Multiply this value by 2 to determine the wetting diameter (d). The square of this is an approximation of the wetted area. A better estimation is to calculate the area of a circle (πr 2 ) but this is not shown here. If adjacent drippers overlap their wetting fronts, then this needs to be taken into account also. Refer to agronomic literature or web calculators for these corrections. Irrigation = Uncorrected Rain Gauge Output (mm) x Tip Volume (mL) (mm) Tip Size (mm) x 1000 x Wetted Area (m 2 ) Copyright © 2011

b)Depth of Irrigation Calculation Example Daily rain gauge value = 370mm (obviously too high) Tip Size = 0.2mm (from Rain Gauge specifications sheet) Tip Volume = 6.67mL from Calibration Certificate: 100mL Tip Test = 15 Tips, therefore Tip Volume = 100 = 6.67mL 15 Wetting front diameter = 0.8m (measured in field at 30cm depth) Wetted area = 0.8m x 0.8m = 0.64m 2. Irrigation (mm) = Uncorrected Rain Gauge Output (mm) x Tip Volume (mL) Tip Size (mm) x 1000 x Wetted Area (m 2 ) Irrigation (mm) = 370 x 6.67 = 19.28mm 0.2 x 1000 x 0.64 The multiplier for the IrriMAX™ calculation in this case is: 19.28 = 0.052083333 370 Copyright © 2011

Setting the rain gauge corrections in IrriMAX™ Copyright © 2011 Graph the irrigation data and right-click anywhere in the pane. Select the Properties menu. Enter a Custom Unit (mm in this example). Select Edit Unit of Measure check box.

Setting the rain gauge corrections in IrriMAX™ Copyright © 2011 Enter a unit of measure. Enter a value to correct Rain Gauge Output to the desired unit (mm in this case). Refer to example from b) above.

Sentek MULTI™ Field Installation User Guide & Training Manual Copyright © 2011 Version 1.0.

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Sentek MULTI™ Field Installation User Guide & Training Manual Copyright © 2011 Version 1.0.

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