1. OvidSP OvidSP and literature retriaval Library Informatics 2011/2012 Edit Csajbók 2012 ecsajbok@lib.sote.hu

2. TOC OvidSP Theory to the successful usage of OvidSP Practical demonstration Practical exercises 2

3. content + tools + services SEARCH: Selection: Ovid Resources / Background information “ i “ Options: Basic / Advanced / Multi-Field / Command Line Refinements: Filters / Limits / Operators / Truncation DISPLAY: Results: Search History / Title / Citation / Abstract References: Abstract / Complete / Ovid Full Text Languages: Google Translate RETRIEVE: Extract: Print / Email / Export / Add to My Projects Full text : PDF / Ovid Full-Text / Ovid LinkSolver Options: Deduplicate / Outline / Image Gallery USE: Organise: Save Searches / My Workspace / My Projects Update: AutoAlerts / RSS Feeds / Run Saved Search Share: Email / Email Jumpstarts / AutoAlerts OvidSP What is in OvidSP? DATABASES: e.g. Medline e.g. PsycINFO e.g. EBM Reviews JOURNALS: e.g. Annals of Surgery e.g. Critical Care Medicine e.g. Drug in R&D (Open Access) BOOKS: e.g. 101 Q&A About Diabetes e.g. Clinical Sleep Disorders e.g. Fundamental Toxicology EXTERNAL: e.g. Primal Pictures e.g. Your files (PDF etc.) e.g. Web sources CUSTOMER SUPPORT: e.g. Administration e.g. Order Management e.g. Supporting Materials TECHNICAL SUPPORT: e.g. System requirements e.g. Documentation e.g. TS Knowledge Base SALES ENGINEERS: e.g. Landing Pages / Widgets e.g. Bespoke Solutions e.g. Implementation TRAINING: e.g. On-site sessions e.g. Web-based sessions e.g. Training Programmes Michael Flanning:Workshop: Ovid - Your partner in changing times [előadás] 8. Informatio Scientifica Informatio Medicata. Budapest, 2011.09.22. 3

4. Theory OvidSP 1. What kind of sources can be selected in OvidSP? Databases Journals Ebooks … OvidSP 2. What kind of search methods can be used in OvidSP?? Basic Search Advance Search … 3. Keyword v.s. Subject Heading OvidSP 4. What kind of Boolean operators can be used in OvidSP? AND OR NOT Frequency Adjacency … 4

5. 1. Sources in OvidSP 5

6. OvidSP Databases in OvidSP Ovid MEDLINE ® o Ovid MEDLINE® 1948 to Present with Daily Update o Ovid MEDLINE® In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations o Ovid OLDMEDLINE® PsycINFO EBM o EBM Reviews - Cochrane Methodology Register o EBM Reviews - Health Technology Assessment o EBM Reviews - NHS Economic Evaluation Database o EBM Reviews Full Text - Cochrane DSR, ACP Journal Club, and DARE o All EBM Reviews - Cochrane DSR, ACP Journal Club, DARE, CCTR, CMR, HTA, and NHSEED Biological Abstracts International Pharmaceutical Abstracts 6

7. Medline  The bibliographic database of the National Library of Medicine  Medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, health science and clinical science  MEDLINE’s records are indexed with MeSH (Medical Subject Heading)  It contains three index collections: Index Medicus Index to Dental Literature International Nursing Index 7

8. Versions of Medline  PubMed – free access  Ovid Medline – subscription required, value added services  ProQuest Medline – subscription required, value added services  EBSCO Medline – subscription required, value added services  … 8

9. Ovid MEDLINE  Three segments: Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1950 to Present with Daily Update Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non- Indexed Citations Ovid OLDMEDLINE(R) 1947 to 1965 9

10. The database includes material of relevance to psychologists and professionals in related fields such as psychiatry, management, business, education, social science, neuroscience, law, medicine, and social work. Updated weekly, PsycINFO® provides access to journal articles, books, chapters, and dissertations. PsycInfo 10

11. PsycINFO Journals More than 2450 titles The 80 % of the database Books The 8 % of the database Dissertations A selection from Dissertations Abstracts International (A and B) databases The 12 % of the database 2,8 million records, weekly updated Data from www.apa.orgwww.apa.org 11

12. EBM – Evidence Based Medicine  Evidence-based medicine (EBM) or evidence-based practice (EBP) aims to apply the best available evidence gained from the scientific method to clinical decision making.  Evidence based medicine is the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.  Evidence based medicine is not “cookbook” medicine. Because it requires a bottom up approach that integrates the best external evidence with individual clinical expertise and patients' choice, it cannot result in slavish, cookbook approaches to individual patient care. Source: Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JAM, et al. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn’t. BMJ 1996;312:71-2. 12

13. The hierarchical structure of document types Küönböző tanulmányok tényeinek rövid, kritikai összefoglalója Records of EBM databases 13 The systematic summary of randomized control trials (RCTs) The short critical summary of various studies’ facts The short critical summary of a study’s facts

14. Cochrane Collaboration http://www.cochrane.org/ http://www.cochrane.org/  The Cochrane Collaboration, established in 1993, is an international network of people helping healthcare providers, policy makers, patients, their advocates and carers, make well-informed decisions about human health care by preparing, updating and promoting the accessibility of Cochrane Reviews – over 4,500 so far, published online in The Cochrane Library.  Publication of Archie Cochrane's 'Effectiveness and Efficiency: random reflections on health services', which drew attention to our collective ignorance about the effects of health care  'The Cochrane Centre' opens in Oxford, UK 1992 14

15. Ovid EBM collection– Cochrane Library Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Health Technology Assessment Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews National Health Service Economic Evaluation Cochrane Methodology Register + ACP Journal Club 15

16. ACP Journal Club (ACP) http://www.acpjc.org/ http://www.acpjc.org/ ACP Journal Club (ACP) consists of two journals, ACP Journal Club, a publication of the American College of Physicians, and Evidence-Based Medicine, a joint publication of the American College of Physicians and the British Medical Journal Group. ACP Journal Club includes studies which ACP's editors have selected as methodologically sound and clinically relevant. The editors screen the top clinical journals for articles, and write enhanced abstracts and commentary on the study's value, helping clinicians to quickly understand and apply to their practice important changes in medical knowledge, without having to read and synthesize thousands of journal articles. 16

17. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCTR) CCTR (formerly Cochrane Controlled Trials Register) is a bibliographic database of definitive controlled trials. CCTR contains over 300,000 bibliographic references to controlled trials in health care together with references to clinical trials identified by contributors to the Cochrane Collaboration in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Contributors follow quality control standards to ensure that only reports of definite randomized controlled trials or controlled clinical trials are included. 17

18. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (COCH) COCH includes the full text of the regularly updated systematic reviews of the effects of healthcare prepared by The Cochrane Collaboration. The reviews are presented in two types: 1. Cochrane Methodology Reviews are full-text systematic reviews of methodological studies. The reviews are both highly structured and systematic. Evidence from methodological research is included or excluded on the basis of explicit quality criteria, thus minimizing bias. Each review covers a specific and well-defined area of methodology. 2. Protocols provide place-markers for reviews, which are currently being written. They summarize the background and the rationale of the review. 18

19. Cochrane Methodology Register (CMR) The Cochrane Methodology Register is a database of studies relevant to the methods of systematic reviews of healthcare and social interventions. The database includes journal articles, book chapters, conference proceedings, conference abstracts and reports of ongoing methodological research. Relevant records are identified primarily through a program of hand searching undertaken by the UK Cochrane Centre. The register aims to include all published reports of empirical methodological studies that could be relevant for inclusion in a Cochrane methodology review, along with comparative and descriptive studies relevant to the conduct of systematic reviews of healthcare interventions. The Cochrane Methodology Register contains over 9,000 bibliographic references to controlled trials in health care. 19

20. Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) DARE is produced by the expert and information staff of the National Health Services' Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (NHS CRD) at the University of York, England. DARE is a full text database containing critical assessments of systematic reviews from a variety of medical journals. DARE contains structured abstracts of systematic reviews from around the world. Its records cover topics such as diagnosis, prevention, rehabilitation, screening, and treatment. 20

21. Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Produced by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), the Health Technology Assessment database brings together details on ongoing health technology assessments (studies of the medical, social, ethical, and economic implications of healthcare interventions). Many different types of research are included in the HTA database, including systematic reviews and ongoing and completed research based on trials, questionnaires and economic evaluations. 21

22. National Health Service (NHS) Economic Evaluation Database (NHSEED) The National Health Service (NHS) Economic Evaluation Database is funded by the Department of Health's NHS Research and Development Programme, and produced by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), and provides cost-benefit analyses about healthcare interventions. The NHS Economic Evaluation Database contains over 6000 abstracts of quality assessed economic evaluations. The database aims to assist decision- makers by systematically identifying and describing economic evaluations, appraising their quality and highlighting their relative strengths and weaknesses. 22

23. Journals in OvidSP Journals@Ovid Full Text : all Ovid Journals Journals@Ovid Full Text Your Journals@Ovid: Journals with Semmelweis University subscriptions Your Journals@Ovid 23

24. Ebooks in OvidSP 24

25. 25 PRIMAL PICTURE INTERACTIVE ANATOMY

26. What is the Primal Pictures? a dynamic interactive multimedia overview of human anatomy a dynamic interactive multimedia overview of human anatomy —literally from head to toe Features: – three-dimensional animations showing function, bio-mechanics and surgical procedures supplement the core anatomy – Clinical videos and textual descriptions 26

27. Searches in OvidSP We can search: - In databases - In journals - In Ebooks 27

28. Searching methods in OvidSP  Simultaneously searching:  To search from a single resource  To search from multiple resources simultaneously  Searching’ types:  Basic Search  Find Citation  Search Tools  Search Fields  Advanced Search (Boolean operators)  Multi-Field Search Searching from multiple resources simultaneously we can’t search for subject headings ! 28

29. Advanced Search We can search for keyword, author, title or journal in a traditional way. Using Boolean operators we can specify our searching. For receiving more relevant results use your query as Subject Heading. It is only available when you choose only one database. 29

30. Basic Search Simply enter a search term or ask a question in ordinary, everyday English terms OvidSP filters the terms of your query, eliminating irrelevant noise words and tightening word choices into validated search terms and phrases. OvidSP utilizes a proprietary medical lexicon to expand validated terms Some useful practices: o Don’t use unnecessary adjectives. o Don’t use question mark, hyphen, bracket... o Don’t use Boolean operators for combining records You don’ t get full list of the results 30

31. Find Citation 31

32. Search Tools 32

33. Search Fields 33

34. Multi-Field Search 34

35. Keywords vs. Subject headings Keyword: search term, keyword can be any part of a text. However, it is part of the text, it doesn’t describe the topic of the text. Subject heading: Subject heading is a word or phrase from a controlled vocabulary which is used to describe the subject of a document or a class of documents. Subject headings may be represented in individual bibliographical records or they may just exists in classification systems or as separators in card catalogues. 35 Forrás: http://biblsrc.btk.ppke.hu/kvth/Aniko/Web/Tananyag/07ik.htm

36. What's the difference? Here are some key differences between keyword searching and subject searching: KeywordSubject Natural language words describing your topic. A good way to start your search. Pre-defined "controlled vocabulary" words assigned to describe the content of each item in a database or catalog. More flexible for searching. You can combine terms in any number of ways. Less flexible. You must know the exact controlled vocabulary term or phrase. Database looks for keywords anywhere in the record (title, author name, subject headings, etc.). Database looks for subjects only in the subject heading or descriptor field, where the most relevant words appear. Often yields too many or too few results.If a subject heading search yields too many results, you can often select subheadings to focus on one aspect of the broader subject. Often yields many irrelevant results.Results are usually very relevant to the topic. 36 Keywords vs. Subject headings

37. Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a comprehensive controlled vocabulary for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences; it can also serve as a thesaurus that facilitates searching. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed article database and by NLM's catalog of book holdings. Originally in English, MeSH has been translated into numerous other languages and allows retrieval of documents from different languages. The subject headings are arranged in a hierarchy. 37

38. 38 MeSH Subject Heading System

39. PscyINFO Subject Heading System 39

40. 40

41. Boolean Operators NOT Adjacency (ADJ) Defined Adjacency (ADJn) Frequency (FREQ) Unlimited Truncation ($) Limited Truncation ($n) Mandated Wildcard (#) Optional Wildcard (?) Literal String ( „ „ ) ORAND 41

42. AND Syntax: a and y Search example: blood pressure and stroke Sample result: „Treatment of high blood pressure in acute stroke.” The AND operator retrieves only those records that include all of the search terms. For example, the search blood pressure and stroke retrieves results that contain the term blood pressure and the term stroke together in the same record. 42

43. OR Syntax: a or y Search examples: heart attack or myocardial infarction Sample result: „Treatment of high blood pressure in acute stroke.” The OR operator retrieves records that contain any or all of the search terms. For example, the search heart attack or myocardial infarction retrieves results that contain the terms heart attack, myocardial infarction or both terms. 43

44. NOT Syntax: a not y Search example: health reform not health maintenance organizations Sample search: „the rhetoric and reality of health reform in New Zealand” The NOT operator retrieves records that contain the first search term and excludes the second search term. For example, the search health reform not health maintenance organizations retrieves only those records that contain the term health reform but excludes the term health maintenance organizations. 44

45. Adjacency (ADJ) Syntax: x adj y Search example: blood adj pressure Sample result: „Twenty-four ambulatory blood pressure monitoring” The Adjacent operator (ADJ) retrieves records with search terms next to each other.You do not need to separate search terms manually by inserting ADJ between them, because when you separate terms with a space on the command line, Ovid automatically searches for the terms adjacent to one another. For example, the search blood pressure is identical to the search blood adj pressure 45

46. Defined Adjacency (ADJn) Syntax: x adjn y Search sample: physician adj5 relationship Sample result: „Changes in physician-patient relationship” The defined adjacency operator (ADJn) retrieves records that contain search terms within a specified number (n) of words from each other in any order. To use the adjacency operator, separate your search terms with ADJ and a number from 1 to 99. For example, the search physician adj5 relationship retrieves records that contain the words physician and relationship within five words of each other in either direction. 46

47. Frequency (FREQ) Syntax: x.ab./ freq=n Search examples: blood.ab./freq=5 Sample result: „Is the accuracy of blood pressure measuring devices underestimated at increasing blood pressure levels?...” The frequency operator (FREQ) lets you specify a threshold of occurrence of a term in the records retrieved from your search. Records containing your search term are retrieved only if the term occurs at least the specified (n) number of times. In general, records that contain many instances of your search term are more relevant than records that contain fewer instances. The frequency operator is particularly useful when searching a text field, such as Abstract or Full Text, for a common word or phrase. 47

48. Unlimited Truncation ($) Syntax: x$ Search examples: disease$ Sample result: „identify genes responsible for diseases and traits” Unlimited truncation retrieves all possible suffix variations of the root word indicated. To apply unlimited truncation to a term, type the root word or phrase followed by either of the truncation characters: $ (dollar sign) or : (colon). For example, in the truncated search disease$, Ovid retrieves the word disease as well as the words diseases, diseased, and more 48

49. Limited Truncation ($n) Syntax: x$n Search example: dog$1 Sample result: „renal function in healthy dogs” Limited truncation specifies a maximum number of characters that may follow the root word or phrase. For example, the truncated search dog$1 retrieves results with the words dog and dogs; but it does not retrieve results with the word dogma. 49

50. Mandated Wildcard (#) Syntax: xx#y Search examples: wom#n Sample result: „serum homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women” Searching with a mandated wildcard retrieves all possible variations of a word in which the wildcard is present in the specified place. For example, the search wom#n retrieves results that contain both woman and women. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word. 50

51. Optional Wildcard (?) Syntax: xx?y Search example: colo?r Sample result: „Hair changes. Age has effect on color thickness.” The optional wild card character (?) can be used within or at the end of a search term to substitute for one or no characters. This wild card is useful for retrieving documents with British and American word variants since it specifies that you want retrieval whether or not the extra character is present. For example, the optional wild card search colo?r retrieves results that contain the words color or colour. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word.. 51

52. Literal String ( „ „ ) Synntax: „ x/y” Search example: „ go/no-go” Sample result: „Single trial-based prediction of a go/no-go decision in monkey superior colliculus.” Quotation marks can be used to retrieve records that contain literal strings, when the string includes special characters, such as a forward slash (/). Quotation marks can also be used to retrieve records that contain numbers that may otherwise be confused for earlier searches. In the example, a search for 3.vo would limit the string from your third search in your search history to the volume field. By including the number in quotation marks, the search will retrieve documents with a 3 in the volume number. 52

53. Practical demonstration 53

54. Search in Ovid_Medline Start at the beginning – search with keyword I would like to read about drug therapy of patients who suffer from Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. Possible keywords: Diabetes, high blood pressure, drug therapy 54

55. Keyword search step by step 1. choose database Select the three segments of Medline and then click on „Select resource(s)” 55

56. Keyword search step by step 2. Search for keywords Search type: Advanced Ovid Search „Keyword” selected „Map term to subject heading” is unselected because we want to search for keyword not subject heading. Write your first keyword (diabetes) in the search box and click on „search” 56

57. Keyword search step by step 3.We search for the other keywords separately in the same way Search for keywords separately is useful because later there will be several way to combine them using Boolean operator. 57

58. Keyword search step by step 4. Determine the relationship among our keywords using AND Boolean operator I select my searches and then I clink on „Combine selection with AND”. 58

59. Keyword search step by step 5. If we have too many results, limit them! We can limit e.g. to publication year. We can choose among default filter criteria or click on „Additional Limits”-we get the all filter criteria. I select „Middle Aged (45 plus years) group from the list and I click on „Limit a search”. 59

60. Let’s see this topic with search by subject headings! 60

61. Search in MEDLINE Continue with subject headings ! Search for subject headings can be used if we select only one database Articles are indexed by the most specific subject headings (e.g. there is an article about Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, the article’s subject heading is „Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2” not „Diabetes Mellitus” Generally an article is indexed by 2-3 or more main subject headings and more general subject headings. 61

62. Search by Subject Headings step by step I would like to read about drug therapy of patients who suffer from Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. Possible keywords: Diabetes, high blood pressure, drug therapy 62

63. Search by Subject Headings step by step 1. choose the database Select the three segments of Medline and click on „Selected Resource(s)” 63

64. Search by Subject Headings step by step 2. Search for subject headings to our keywords Search type: Advanced Ovid Search „Keyword” is selected „Map term to subject heading” is selected because we want to search for subject headings Write your first keyword (diabetes) into the searchbox and then click on „search” 64

65. The database shows the potential subject headings to our keyword. We can select the most suitable subject headings used by checking boxes. If we select more subject headings we can determine their relationship using Boolean operator and then select „Include All Subheadings”. Auto Explode: for broader results. Focus: for topic-specific results. Scope: information. 65

66. Search by Subject Headings step by step 3. Search for all subject headings separately 66

67. Search by Subject Headings step by step 4. Determine the relationship among subject headings – AND Boolean operator Select all subject headings and click on „combine selections with AND”. 67

68. Search by Subject Headings step by step 5. If we have too many results, limit them! We can limit e.g. to publication year. We can choose among default filter criteria or click on „Additional Limits”-we get the all filter criteria. 68

69. Let’s see this topic with search by natural language! 69

70. Basic Search Simply enter a search term or ask a question in ordinary, everyday English terms OvidSP filters the terms of your query, eliminating irrelevant noise words and tightening word choices into validated search terms and phrases. OvidSP utilizes a proprietary medical lexicon to expand validated terms Some useful practices : o Don’t use unnecessary adjectives. o Don’t use question mark, hyphen, bracket... o Don’t use Boolean operators for combining records Expect approximately 10 thousands relevancy-ranked results ! 70

71. Search in natural language What drug therapy can be given to patient with high blood pressure and diabetes? 71 Source: http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2007/09/powerset-move-o.html

72. Search in natural language step by step 1. Choose the database Select the three segments of Medline and click on „Selected Resource(s)” 72

73. Search in natural language step by step 2. Search for our query Search Type: Basic Search Using of Include Related terms is recommended. Write our sentence into the searchbox. 73

74. Let’s see what kind of terms were added to our query! 39/46 74

75. Comparing of the results. Keywords – Subject Headings – Natural language Searh for keywords: Search for subject headings: Search in natural language: 75/33 75

76. Key elements of the result list Complete Reference: a display of complete bibliographic information for records. For example: MeSH subject headings ! Medline is a bibliographic database, but full texts are provided by Ovid Linksolver where we have subscriptions or it is an open access! 76/33 76

77. 77/33 77

78. OvidLinksolver provide full text link where we have subscription or which is open access 78/33 78

79. Other PowerPoint presentations OvidSP_Valueadded.ppt PRIMAL PICTURE INTERACTIVE ANATOMY.ppt 79

80. Practical exercises 80

81. © Copyright 2010 - http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sites3/home.cfm?orgid=736 Search article for internet and eating disorders (as keywords) in all Ovid Medline databases and limit your results to 2011(as publication year) and Dutch (as language) Eating disorders and the internet Information requirement 81 Questions: How many Mesh Subject Heading do(es) the article(s) have? How many main Mesh Subject Heading do(es) the article(s) have? Did you find any email address of the author(s)?

82. 1.Go to OvidSP 2.Choose source: YourJournals@Ovid 3.Choose Cearch type: Basic Search 4.Search for: eating disorders internet (Check „Include Related Terms“) 5.Limit your results to last 3 years. 6.Choose a document which has Ovid Full Text.. 7.Send the article to me(ecsajbok@lib.sote.hu) via E-Mail Jumpstart.ecsajbok@lib.sote.hu Your strategy Eating disorders andinternet Michael Flanning:Workshop: Ovid - Your partner in changing times [előadás] 8. Informatio Scientifica Informatio Medicata. Budapest, 2011.09.22. 82

83. Useful links Ovid website: http://www.ovid.com/site/resources/index.jsphttp://www.ovid.com/site/resources/index.jsp MedlinePlus animations anatomical video collection: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/anatomyvideos.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/anatomyvideos.html Tutorials: o http://kraftylibrarian.com/2008/01/online-tutorials-and-handouts-to- ovidsp.html http://kraftylibrarian.com/2008/01/online-tutorials-and-handouts-to- ovidsp.html o http://cwml-tutorials.blogspot.com/search/label/Ovid http://cwml-tutorials.blogspot.com/search/label/Ovid (very useful) 83

84. Thank you for your attention! Edit Csajbók ecsajbok@lib.sote.hu 84