2. CHAPTER 7 SECTION 1 Topic: Looking to the West/Moving to the West Objective: To be able to identify and explain the factors that lead settlers to move west into the American Frontier. E.Q: What Conditions lured People to Move to the Western Frontier? TEK: 113.41-3(A): Analyze political issues such as Indian policies, the growth of political machines, civil service reform and beginnings of populism. 113.41-3(B) : Analyze Economic Issues such as Industrialization, the growth of railroads, the growth of labor unions, farm issues, the cattle industry boom, the rise of entrepreneurship, free enterprise and the pros and cons of big business. 113.423(D): Describe the optimism of the many immigrants who sought a better life in America.

3. Essential Terms Push Pull Factors Pacific Railway Acts Morrill Land grant Act Land Speculator Homestead Act Exoduster

4. Section 1: Moving West https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKVrsPKqJSM (settlers moving west) Push-Pull Factors: Events and Conditions that either force (push) people to move elsewhere or strongly attract (pull) them to do so. Push Factors: 1) The civil war displaces farmers, slaves and other workers. 2) Farm land was increasingly expensive 3)Failed Business operators wanted a new start 4)Ethnic Oppression (African Americans) 5) Religious Oppression (Mormons)

5. Pull Factors: Conditions that motivated settlers to take a risk and move into unsettled land 1) Government gives away land or sells them for extremely low prices. 2)Creation and extension of the railroads 3) Work: Railroad, Army Calvary Pull Factor Legislation: 1) Pacific Railway Acts (1862, 1864): Government gives large land grants to Union Pacific and California Pacific Railroads. * Railroads received 175 million acres of public land…larger than the state of Texas. 2) Morrill Land-Grant Act (1862): Gave land to state governments allowing them to sell to raise money for the creation of land grant Universities. i.e: Iowa State University was the first. South Dakota State University Prairie View A and M University Cornel University Native American Tribal Colleges University of Puerto Rico Must provide courses in Agricultural and Engineering, Must have ROTC.

6. Homestead Act: Settlers can have 160 acres of land if the following conditions were met: 1) 21 years old or head of the family 2) American Citizens of immigrants filing for citizenship. 3) Must build a house of at least 12 feet by 14 feet 4) They had to farm the land for at least five years before gaining ownership. http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xhq98k_the-homestead-act-of-1862_tech (Homestead Act)

7. Land Speculators: People who bought up large areas of land in hope of selling it later for a profit. Settlers from Far and Wide: Great Plains/Midwest (Iowa, Minnesota, Dakotas) Germans, Norwegians (Lutherans) *Characterized by work ethic and commitment to education Took up Dairy Farming West Coast Irish, Italians, European Jews, Chinese Settled in Typically Urban Areas. usually found work in Mining, Railroad Construction and other Trades Ranching: Typically done by Mexican and Mexican Americans.

8. Chapter 7 Section 2: Conflict with Native Americans E.Q. What most influenced and changed the life of Native Americans? (Write this in your Composition Journal/Warm-up/Notebook-be sure to date it.) (Please write the following information in your Cornell/Avid Binder Notebook in the section designated for U.S. History. * Topic: How American Expansion into the west devastated Native American Societies. Objective: Students will be able to identify and explain the policies that the government implemented and discuss what effect it had on the lives of Native Americans. TEKS: 113.20.23(b) Explain the relationship between urbanization and conflicts resulting from differences in religion, social class, and political beliefs. 113.20.23(c) Identify ways conflicts between people from various racial, ethnic, and religious groups were resolved.

9. Key Terms (Essential Vocabulary) Great Plains Nomad Reservation Battle of Little Bighorn Ghost Dance Massacre at Wounded Knee Assimilation Dawes Act Boomers Sooners BIA Buffalo Soldiers

10. The Plains Indians Great Plains: The vast grassland between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains. Native Americans rely on the buffalo for everything from food to clothing to shelter. The Spanish introduce Horses to tribes by bringing them to America via Mexico. Nomads: People who travel from place to place searching for sources of food.

11. Plains Indians Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- im67EcH0e0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- im67EcH0e0

12. Indian Wars and Government Policy Making Treaties with the Native Americans Settlers felt they had every right to take Indian land b/c they would make it more productive which would benefit everyone Tribes simply saw white settlers as invaders. Reservations: Federal lands set aside for Native Americans to live on. * usually barren or desert land (considered undesirable) 1871: Government it will make no more treaties and no longer recognize chiefs. BIA: The Federal Bureau of Indian Affairs: Agency created to deliver critical supplies needed to reservations.

13. Soldiers Life on the Prairie Union Army has slim resources due to reconstruction Government looks to expand or recruit new soldiers Buffalo Soldiers: $13.00 a month Recycled Civil War Uniform Rotten Food Job Responsibilities escort the mail fight Indians stop gun fights prevent train robberies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WbcxZM32ZrQ (Buffalo Solder video)

14. Major Battles Sand creek Massacre 1864: U.S. ‘VS’ The Cheyenne in Colorado Territory The battle of the Little Big Horn 1876: aka: Custer’s last Stand: Forced Sioux back on their Reservations The battle of Wounded Knee 1890: Soldiers shoot and kill Sitting Bull Officially the last battle of the Indian wars. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/us-army-massacres-indians-at-wounded-knee

15. The Sioux Chiefs Red Cloud Sitting Bull Crazy Horse

16. Crazy House Monument

17. Ghost Dance: a ritual in which people joined hands and whirled in a circle… used as a purification ceremony to purge Indians of the evil ways, white settlers had taught them. Assimilation: the process by which one society becomes part of another, more dominant society by adopting its culture. The Dawes Act: divided reservation land into individual parts. Each native American family received 160 acres. Total failure.

18. Chapter 7: Section 3 Mining, Ranching Farming E.Q. How did Farmers and Ranchers overcome Economic and Geographic barriers in the west? Topic: Mining, Farming, Ranching transforms from small family businesses to major industries. Objective: Describe how western settlement affected Miners, Ranchers and Farmers. TEK: 113.20.27(D): Explain how technological innovations brought about economic growth such as how the factory system contributed to rapid industrialization and transcontinental railroad led to the opening of the west. 113.20.27(B): Analyze the impact of transportation and communication systems on the growth, development and urbanization of the United States.

19. Essential Terms (Vocabulary) Placer mining Long drive Homesteader soddie Dry farming Bonanza farm Turner thesis Stereotype

20. Mining and Cattle Boom Placer Mining: Method where water is poured into strainer type boxes to separate the gold from the dirt. Cattle Boom: Mexicans teach other Americans the concept of cattle ranching. Dress, equipment, etc. Mexicans introduced the Texas Longhorn cattle to Americans Rounded up cattle and placing them on ranches. Near extinction of buffalo herds

21. Long Drive: Driving cattle from Texas to Kansas to put on Trains.. 1/5 of all Cowboys were Mexican or African American What exactly is a Cowboy? Nate Love, Wild Bill Hickock, Calamity Jane Homesteader: the people who farmed claims under the homestead Act.