1. I will know the difference between temperature and heat. I will know that thermal energy depends on different variables. I will be able to graph temperature and interpret temperature differences in different materials.

2. Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a reference point. On the Celsius scale, the reference points are the freezing and boiling points of water. Absolute zero is defined as a temperature of 0 Kelvin.

3. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature difference. In what direction does heat flow spontaneously? From hot objects to cold objects!

4. As an object heats up, its particles move faster. This increases the average kinetic energy of the particles. One way that heat flows is by the transfer of energy in collisions. On average, high-energy particles lose energy.Low-energy particles gain energy.

5. What is the relationship between temperature and energy? Temperature – Turn to a partner Answer: Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object, due to their random motions through space.

6. Thermal energy is the total potential energy and kinetic energy of all the particles in an object. Thermal energy depends on the mass, temperature, and phase (solid, liquid, or gas) of an object.

7. Thermal energy depends on mass. The more mass the more thermal energy. A cup of tea and a teapot full of tea can have the same temperature ( the average kinetic energy of the particles is the same).However, there is more thermal energy in the teapot because it contains more particles.

8. Thermal energy depends on temperature. The higher the temperature the more thermal energy. In a cup of hot tea and a cup of cold tea, the tea has the same mass and number of particles.The average kinetic energy of particles is higher in the hot tea, so the hot tea has greater thermal energy.

9. Thermal energy depends on phase. Gases have more thermal energy than liquids, which typically have more thermal energy than solids. An ice cube and cup of water have the same number of particles. The average kinetic energy of particles is higher in the water, so the water has greater thermal energy.

10. A. The tea is at a higher temperature, because its particles have a higher average kinetic energy. B. The lemonade has more thermal energy because it has many more particles. In which liquid are the water particles moving faster? Thermal Energy – Class Discussion

11. Thermal expansion is an increase in the volume of a material due to an increase in temperature. Thermal contraction is a decrease in the volume of material due to a decrease in temperature. Why does the volume change? the change occurs when particles of matter move farther or closer as temperature increases.

12. As temperature decreases, the particles that make up the air inside the balloon move more slowly. Slower particles collide less often and exert less force. Gas pressure decreases and the balloon contracts. Thermal Energy – Turn to a partner What happens when a balloon goes from being in a warm house to the cold outdoors?

13. 1. What variables affect the thermal energy of an object? 2. How are temperature and energy related? 3. What causes thermal expansion?

14. Use Physical Science Text Book Read Page # 479 - 481. Summarize all text and each picture/diagram.

15. O BJECTIVE DAY 2 I will know the process of transfer of thermal energy or heat. I will know the three laws of thermodynamics. I will be able to identify the process of transfer of thermal energy.

16. Types of Thermal Energy Transfer Three main types of energy transfer o Conduction o Convection o Radiation

17. Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy with no overall transfer of matter. Conduction occurs within a material or between materials that are touching. In conduction, collisions between particles transfer thermal energy, without any overall transfer of matter.

18. The arrows show how thermal energy is conducted away from the heat source in a metal frying pan. Thermal Conductors A thermal conductor is a material that conducts thermal energy well.

19. Why does the handle of a meal pan get hot? Metals are good thermal conductors. When a frying pan is on a hot stove, the bottom of the metal pan heats first and the metal handle last. The flames do not directly heat the handle. Does a tile or wood floor feel colder? Tile is a better conductor than wood. A tile floor feels colder than a wooden floor when both floors are at room temperature. The tile transfers thermal energy more rapidly away from your skin. Conduction – talk with a partner

20. Thermal Insulators A material that conducts thermal energy poorly is called a thermal insulator. Air is a very good insulator. Wool garments and plastic foam cups use trapped air to slow down conduction.

21. Convection is the transfer of thermal energy when particles of a liquid or gas move from one place to another. In what natural cycles do convection currents occur? ocean currents, weather systems, and movements of hot rock in Earth’s interior.

22. A convection current occurs when a fluid circulates in a loop as it alternately heats up and cools down. Air at the bottom of an oven heats up, expands, and becomes less dense. The hot air rises. Rising hot air cools as it moves away from the heat source. As a result, the coolest air is at the top of the oven Convection

23. Radiation Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves moving through space. Does an object’s temperature affect radiation? Yes, as an object’s temperature increases, the rate at which it radiates energy increases.

24. The sun warms you by radiation on a clear day. The space between the sun and Earth has no air to transfer thermal energy. Heat lamps used in restaurants are another example of radiation. Radiation

25. Thermodynamics is the study of conversions between thermal energy and other forms of energy. There are three laws of thermodynamics.

26. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be converted into different forms. Added energy increases the thermal energy of a system or does work on the system. In either case, energy is conserved. Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamicsstates that energy is conserved.

27. Thermal energy flows spontaneously only from hotter to colder objects. A refrigerator must do work to transfer thermal energy from the cold food compartment to the warm room air. The thermal energy is released by coils at the bottom or in the back of the refrigerator. Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics states that thermal energy can flow from colder objects to hotter objects only if work is done on the system.

28. Fun Fact: This physicist uses a laser to cool rubidium atoms to 3 billionths of a Kelvin above absolute zero, the closest scientists have been able to get to absolute zero. Thermodynamics Third Law of Thermodynamics states that absolute zero cannot be reached.

29. Turn to your neighbor Between you and your neighbor, list the three laws of thermodynamics. Next, try to break down the word ‘thermodynamics’ into its roots. What do all the roots mean? thermo – heat dynamic – power thermodynamics = heat power

30. 1. What are the three ways the heat or thermal energy travels? 2. What will the final temperature be when a hot liquid and a cold liquid are mixed?

31. 1. What are the three ways the heat or thermal energy travels? Conduction, Convection, and Radiation. 2. What will the final temperature be when a hot liquid and a cold liquid are mixed? The final temperature of the liquid will be higher than the cold liquid, and lower than the original hot liquid.