1. Sickle cell By: Journee, Nayeli, and Odalis

2.  Sickle cell is a red blood disorder that can cause red blood cell to change form and cause lots of pain  Unfortunately this disorder can not be cured but can be stabled with the right treatments  In 1973 the average lifespan of a person with sickle cell was only 14 years  Sickled red blood cell can block the blood flow in blood vessels  This can effect about 1 in 500 Africans and about 1 in 1000 to 1400 Hispanics Americans Odalis What is Sickle cell?

3.  Sickle cell disease is caused by a genetic abnormality in the gene for hemoglobin.  When oxygen is released from sickle hemoglobin, it sticks together and forms long rods, which damages the red blood cell, and the sickle cell red blood cells causes the symptoms of sickle cell disease.  The gene is passed from generation to generation in a pattern.  A 50%chance of having a child who also is a carrier.  A25% chance of having a child with sickle cell anemia. Nayeli What causes sickle cell?

4.  Painful swelling of hands and feet called dactylis  Skin color is yellowish known as jaundice  Whitening of eyes known as icteris  Fussiness from anemia  Pain in lower back, chest, legs, arms, and abdomen  Illness, stress, and temperature changes Journee Symptoms of sickle cell

5.  How the disorder is determine is by taking a blood test and it is better to take it as a newborn for better knowing  A blood test sample is drawn from the vein in your arm and for newborns its drawn from the heel or in the finger of them  The reason its better to do it as a infant because its easier to diagnose Nayeli How do you know?

6.  Cassandra Dobson – “Doctors are easily bored while treating people with sickle cell, because most of the time what they focus on is pain management only’’ Age:50  Shanoah Moore- “ I'm still a regular kid, and I still go to school”, she says.” I know when I'm getting sick because my head starts to get warm, and my mom knows when because my eyes kind of turn yellow. It feels like someone is squeezing my legs. Sometimes it’s a very, very painful.” Age:8 Journee Life with sickle cell

7.  This disorder cant be cured but can be treated  They will use Antibiotics, Pain-Relieving Medication, and Hydroxyurea to help with the disorder  Procedures: Exchange transfusion, Blood transfusion, Patient-Controlled analgesia  People that will help: Hematologist-Focuses on diagnosing and treating blood disorders  Cardiologist- Specializes in heart disorders Odalis Treatments

8.  One place that reaches research sickle cells is Howard university hospital its been researching since 2000  Another place is national heart, lung and blood institute they have been researching this since 1972  Saint Jude's children hospital has been researching sickle cell since it opened in 1962 Nayeli facility's that researched

9.  When they have sickle cell it looks like a crescent moon  A original red blood cell looks round and healthy  JJournee What sickle cell looks like

10. Summary The disorder we are researching is “sickle cell”. This disorder effects the red blood cells, which causes the red blood cells to change. Sickle cell disease is caused by a genetic abnormality in the gene for hemoglobin. Sickle cell can’t be cured. People will know if they have Sickle cell if they show any of there symptoms. How the disorder is determine is by taking a blood test and it is better to take it as a newborn for better knowing. They may use Antibiotics, Pain-Relieving Medication, etc., to help the pain. There are some places that do research sickle cell. Sickle cell something that can’t be cured but sickle cell can be researched to better understand it. Odalis

11.  http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca  http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/pain-management-sickle-cell- disease http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/pain-management-sickle-cell- disease  http://www.sicklecelldisease.org/index.cfm?page=about-scd http://www.sicklecelldisease.org/index.cfm?page=about-scd  http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sickle-cell- anemia/basics/definition/con-20019348 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sickle-cell- anemia/basics/definition/con-20019348 websites