1. Broken Windows Theory Tania P. Coleman Xavier University of Louisiana Division of Education and Counseling EDLD 6000 Advance Visionary Leadership Dr. Esrom Pitre November 30, 2015 1

2. Criminology Theory By Kelling & Wilson in 1982 Based on psychologist Philip Zimbardo’s report from 1969 and urbanologists Jane Jacobs and Nathan Glazer’s writings 2

3. Kelling and Wilson’s Illustration of Broken Windows 3

4. Broken Windows is about the Perception of Crime Perception of social and physical disorder problems Become fearful Criminals perceive the disorder Make assumptions about social controls They step up their offence in that community 4

5. Supporting Studies Malcolm Gladwell New York Transit to New York City Lyndsay Boggess and Jon Maskaly Reno, Nevada Study 5

6. Mixed Results Joshua Hinkle and Sue-Ming Yang Order-Fear connection may not be so Supports perceived disorder 6

7. Just a speculation 7

8. How this relates to education Unkempt facilities Unequal environments Low test scores Low school performance scores 8

9. References Boggess, L. N., & Maskaly, J. (2014). The spatial context of the disorder- crime relationship in a study of Reno neighborhoods. Social Science Research, 43, 168-183. Retrieved on November 16, 2015 from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.xula.edu/science/article/pii/S0049 089X13001373 http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.xula.edu/science/article/pii/S0049 089X13001373 Gladwell, M. (2002). The tipping point: How little things can make a big difference. New York, New York: Little, Brown and Company. Hinkle, J. C., & Yang, S. (2014). A new look into broken windows: What shapes individuals’ perceptions of social disorder? Journal of Criminal Justice, 42, 26-35. Retrieved November 16, 2015 from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.xula.edu/science/article/pii/S0047 235210001054 http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.xula.edu/science/article/pii/S0047 235210001054 Jacobs, J. (1963). The death of great American cities. New York, New York: Vintage Books. 9

10. References Continued Kelling, G. L., & Wilson, J. Q. (1982). Broken windows: The police and neighborhood safety. The Atlantic, March 1982. Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved October 27, 2015 from http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1982/03/broken- windows/304465/ http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1982/03/broken- windows/304465/ Kirchner, L. (2014). Breaking down the broken windows theory. Pacific Standard, January 7, 2014. North Hollywood, California: The Miller- McCune Center for Research, Media and Public Policy. Retrieved October 27, 2015 from http://www.psmag.com/politics-and-law/breaking-broken- windows-theory-72310http://www.psmag.com/politics-and-law/breaking-broken- windows-theory-72310 Roberts, S. (2014). Author of ‘Broken Windows’ policing defends his theory. The New York Times, August 10, 2014. New York, New York: The New York Times Company. Retrieved October 27, 2015 from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/11/nyregion/author-of-broken- windows-policing-defends-his-theory.html?_r=0 http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/11/nyregion/author-of-broken- windows-policing-defends-his-theory.html?_r=0 10